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IntroPsych-Chp9

Cognition, Language, and intelligence

QuestionAnswer
What is Intelligence Cognitive abilities of an individual to understand complex concepts, learn from experience, to reason well and cope effectively w/demands of daily living.
What are Gardner's 8 independent types of intelligence? Linguistic (Verbal) Logical (mathematical) Music Spatial (artistic) Kinesthetic (athletic) Interpersonal (social skills) IntrApersonal (personal adjustment) Naturalistic (understanding nature) LLMSKIIN
Who used the term G to refer to the general factor of intelligence? Charles Spearman
What are Robert Sternberg's 6 steps in reasoning? -RACEMI- Encode Infer Map Apply Compare Respond
What is Fluid Intelligence? The ability to process information quickly & devise strategies for dealing with new kinds of problems
What is Crystallized Intelligence? Ability to use previously learned information and skills to solve familiar problems.
What are the five criteria that an intelligence test must meet before it is an adequate measuring instrument? "SNOR-v" Standardization Norms Objectivity Reliability Validity
What is Tacit Intelligence? Practical knowledge & skills needed to deal w/everyday problems that are not usually taught in school.
What is Ratio IQ? The intelligence quotient based on the ratio between the person's mental age and chronological age. mental age divided by chronological age x 100
What is Deviation IQ Intelligence quotient based on the degree of devotion from average of the person's score on an intelligence test.
What is Normal Distribution? Symmetrical pattern of scores on a scale in which a majority of the scores are clustered near the center and a minority are at either extreme.
What is Cognition? The intellectual processes through which info is obtained, transformed, stored, retrieved and otherwise used.
What is Concepts? The basic units of thinking. Categories of things, events, and qualities that are linked together by common feature or features in spite of their differences.
What is Conjunctive concepts? concept has two simultaneous defining characteristics. i.e. Aunt - female & sibling of one of your parents
What is Superordinate concept? concepts that are very inclusive. They contain a great many members
What is Disjunctive concepts? Concepts defined by the presence of one of two common characteristics or both.
What are Basic Concepts? Concepts that are of a medium degree of inclusiveness. Share Many Attributes Share Similar Shapes Share Motor Movements Easily Named
What is Subordinate concepts Concepts that are least inclusive.
What is Problem Solving? Cognitive process information is used to reach a goal that is blocked by some obstacle.
What are the 3 steps in cognitive problem solving? Formulate the problem Evaluate the elements of the problem Generate a list of Solutions & Evaluate them.
What is mental set? A habitual way of approaching or perceiving a problem.
What is an algorithm? Systematic patterns of reasoning that guarantee finding a correct solution to a problem
What is Heuristic Reasoning? Way of thinking based on strategies that increase the probability of finding a correct solution but do not guarantee it.
What does heuristic reason often lead to? Poor Solutions
What is Representativeness heuristic? strategy of making judgments about the unknown on the assumption that it is similar to what we know.
What is Convergent thinking? Logical & Conventional and that focuses on a problem.
What is Divergent thinking? Loosely organized, only partially directed and unconventional.
Divergent Thinkers easily break out of mental sets that limit our thinking. In our culture, people who tend to be through of a creative.
What are the creative problem solving steps? Preparation Incubation Illumination Verification
Preparation initial attempts to formulate the problem. recall relevant facts & think about possible solutions
Incubation a period of rest. setting the problem aside after initial preparation period
Illumination a sudden insight pertaining to the solution
Verification necessary but sometime anticlimactic step of testing the solution
What is surface structure? superficial spoken or written structure of a statement.
What is deep structure? underlying structure that holds the statement's meaning
Who made the distinction for surface & deep structure? Noam Chomsky
What is generative? ability to create an infinite set of utterances using a finite set of elements & rules. Language is it
What are Phonemes? the smallest units of sound in a language.
What are Morphemes? the smallest units of meaning in a language.
What is a Syntax? grammatical rules of language. rules of a language that allow an infinite number of understandable utterances to be generated.
What is the Whorfian hypothesis? the idea that the structure of a language may influence the way individuals think
What is linguistic relativity hypothesis? AKA - Whorfian hypothesis idea that the structure of a language may influence the way people think
What is semantic content? meaning in symbols, such as language
What does greater interconnectedness of neurons mean? That the brain can process information more quickly.
What does greater ability to form neural connections mean? That a person with High G is better able to learn from experience
What is Encode? mentally represent in the memory system in some usable form
What is Infer? The nature of the relationships between the terms in the problem.
What is intelligence quotient? (IQ) Numerical value of intelligence derived from the results of an intelligence test.
Created by: edarr
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