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OCEANOGRAPHYY
CH 13-15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In primary production: | there is a net gain in organic carbon |
| Bacteria that make their own carbohydrates by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from the sun are: | Chemosynthetic bacteria |
| Net primary productivity is: | A and B are correct |
| The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include: | B and C are correct |
| The depth at which the cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate is referred to as the | compensation depth for photosynthesis |
| The most abundant marine macro algae are members of the Division: | Rhodophyta |
| Diatoms important producers in the epipelagic open ocean, are members of the Division: | Chrysophyta |
| The organism that is responsible for red tides and paralytic shellfish poisining belongs to the division | pyrrophyta |
| important marine autotraphs that have SiO2 incorporated in the cell walls are: | diatoms |
| marine flowering plants include all of the following except: | Ulva |
| Over production of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to | eutrophication |
| Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): | may produce toxins that affect human neurological functioning |
| Eutrophication is a type of pollution caused by increased: | inorganic nutrient input |
| The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is: | polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters |
| in temperate oceans during the winter months: | nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease |
| In temperate oceans during the summer months | nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and oxygen solubility decreases |
| although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have relatively high primary productivity rates? | all of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity |
| an area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is referred to as a | oligotrophic area |
| productivity in polar oceans is: | light-limited |
| productivity in tropical oceans is: | nutrient-limited |
| if 10,000 KCAL of energy were contained in the primary producers, on average how many KCAL of energy would you expect to be transfered to third-order consumers? | 10 KCAL |
| Nutrient flow in an ecosystem is: | cyclic |
| energy flow in an ecosystem is: | unindirectional |
| the efficiency of trophic transfers in ecoystem average around | 10% |
| which of the following is an incorrect match between organisms and the type of symbiotic relationship they manifest? | whale-barnicle; mutualism |
| the percentage of biomass regularly recycled in the euphotic zone is about: | 90% |
| the percentage of of euphotic zone biomass that reaches the deep ocean floor reaches about | 1% |
| a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is | commenalism |
| the relationship between cynobacteria and fungi that results in a lichen is an example of: | mutualism |
| the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is best defined as: | largest catch that can be taken without overfishing |
| the area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish is in the: | contential shelves |
| the term bycatch refers to: | non-target species that are caught along with commercial species |
| all of the following are effective means of regulating fisheries except: | limiting the size of the boat |
| catches above the maximum sustainable yield: | result in overfishing |
| purse seines are nets that: | surround and trap fishes |
| the mass percent at a given time of a population fish is called its | standing stock |
| all of the following are adaptions to life in the epipelagic zone except: | increased density |
| which of the following is a member of of the Phylum Cnidaria | jellyfish |
| identify the mismatched pair | Suid-chordata |
| which fins are used for turning and braking | pectoral and pelvic |
| which fins are used as stabalizers | anal and dorsal |
| the shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as | hecterocercal |
| the caudaul fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is | lunate |
| the body shape among fishes varies greatly in accordance with habitat and lifestyle. A tornado shaped body is found among | fast swimming fishes |
| which of the following is not an adaption for deep diving in Cetaceans? | blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities |
| a modified circulatory system in tuna helps it: | all of the above statements are a result of modified circulation in tuna |
| all of the following are adaptions of mesopelagic fishes except | large body |
| bioluminescence is employed by mesopelagic animals for all of the following except: | warning coloration |
| which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food? | all of the above affect the ability of pelagic organisms to capture food |
| an example of a cruiser is a | tuna |
| the muscle tissue of a lunger is predominantly | white |
| the speed of its fish is closely related | length |
| cruisers often have relatively high body temperatures because | it increases the power output of muscle tissue |
| all of the following are baleen whales except: | sperm whales |
| identify the mismatched pair | manatee- cetacea |
| sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they | have external ears |
| gray whales migrate every year to | mate and give birth in the tropics during winter |
| Word Analysis | copepod |
| Word Analysis | Ventral |
| Word Analysis | collapsible ribs |
| Word Analysis | killer |
| all of the following are example of strategies employed by organisms to survive wave shock in the rocky intertidal zone except: | motile larve |
| the most important limiting factor for the number of organisms in the rocky middle tide zone is: | space |
| a common inhabitant of the supralittoral zone on the rocky shores of the pacific northwest is the | periwinkle snail |
| two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are | buckshot barnacle and rockweed |
| two frequent inhabitants of a rocky coast tide pools are: | sea anemone and hermit crab |
| two dominant organisms commonly found at mid-water levels of the rocky intertidal zone are: | goose barnicle and mussel |
| some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they: | cannot tolerate desiccation |
| the low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by | seaweeds and surf grasses |
| male fiddler crabs us their enlarged claw to | attract a mate |
| which of the following marine habitats has the lowest species diversity? | mud flat |
| the most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is | burrowing into the sediment |
| the depth to the which a bivalve can bury itself depends on the | lenth of the respitory structure |
| the common annelid found in a sandy beach enivorment is the: | lugworm |
| organisms that live in the spaces between sediment particles are called: | meiofauna |
| the sublittoral rocky bottom zone is dominated by: | kelp |
| oysters prefer | clean moving water |
| which of the following factors does not limit coral growth | high concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water |
| eutrophication is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the: | amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates execessive algal growth |
| Zooxanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissues of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Zooxanthellae are members of the: | divsion dinoflagellata |
| the relationship between the protistan zooxanthelle and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a | obligate mutualistic endosymbiosis |
| coral with delicate growth patterns are usually found | on the reef slope |
| the buttress zone of a coral reef is likely to have which variety of coral? | massive branching corals |
| which of the following is a threat to coral reef survival | all of the above might contribute to the decline of a coral community |
| the loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms is caused by: | loss of zooxanthelle |
| the distribution of benthic biomass is related to | surface productivity |
| primary producers in hydromerthal vent communities are: | sulfar-oxidizing bacteria |
| the three varities of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and: | subduction zone seeps |
| subduction zone seeps support communities from | methane-rich waters |
| most of the hyrdrothermal vents and cool-water seeps on the seafloor were discovered during which decade | 1980s |
| hydrocarbon seeps have been discovered | in the gulf mexico |
| all the following are associated with hypersaline seeps except: | very high temperature |
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