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SLS Bio 12 CS - GN
SLS Biology 12 Circularity System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anterior vena cava | Vein that delivers deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower half of the body. |
| antibody | protein produced by blood plasma to eliminate certain viruses or bacteria. |
| antigen | foreign substance which induces immune response. antibodies usually take care of it. |
| aorta | Biggest artery in the body that delivers oxygenated blood to the whole body. Is attached to the left ventricle through the bicuspid semilunar valves |
| arterial duct/atrioventricular valve | Also called AV valve. Determines when blood pours from the atrium into the ventricle. This action is responsible for the heart beat. When the ventricle is pumping blood out these valves slam shut |
| autonomic nervous system | regulates bodily functions. controls fight or flight |
| atrioventricular (AV) node | send electrical impulses through cardiac muscles that make it to the Purkinje fibres. |
| blood | a fluid that contains plasma, red/white blood cells, and platelets. |
| blood pressure | based off the relaxation and tension of the heart. degrades as blood flows further away from the heart. Highest in arteries and decreases as blood flows into the veins because only one blood cell can fit into a capillaries at one time |
| blood velocity | how fast the blood is moving through the veins/arteries/capillaries. Slowest in the capillaries, highest in the arteries and kind of fast in the veins. since blood pressure is low in veins, they have to use mechanical movements. |
| blood vessel | group that is composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries |
| capillary-tissue fluid exchange | transfer materials across their thin walls. vessels transport oxygen out into the body, the tissue, and receive carbon dioxide. Also absorb nutrition and secrete waste |
| carotid artery | artery that runs into the arms and head. |
| chordae tendineae | known as the heart strings. connects the papillary muscles with the tricuspid valve. |
| coronary artery | the arteries that transport oxygen to the heart so that it can beat. |
| coronary vein | veins that drain blood from the heart and into the coronary sinus |
| diastolic pressure | the relaxation of the ventricle when blood flows from the atrium into it. Allows the AV valve to open. |
| fetal circulation | the circulation system of the fetus. |
| heart rate | the amount of times your heart beats per minute (usually 70 times a minute). Called the cardiac cycle . |
| hepatic portal vein | the vein that lies between the capillaries of liver and digestive tract. |
| hepatic vein | leads from the liver to the posterior vena cava. |
| hypertension | also known as high blood pressure, where systolic/diastolic rating are to high. |
| hypotension | also know as low blood pressure, where systolic/diastolic rating are to low. |
| iliac artery | artery from the aorta leading to the capillaries in the trunk and legs. |
| iliac vein | vein connected to the vana cava that gets deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the trunk and legs. |
| jugular vein | vein that gets deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the heads and arms. |
| left atrium | upper left part of the heart that is filled up with blood from the lungs and transports it down to the left ventricle |
| left ventricle | receives blood from the left atrium, that is then pumped out to supply the body with oxygen. |
| lymph capillaries | where excess tissue is collected where is becomes lymph |
| lymph node | glands that filter lymph through the lymphatic system. |
| lymphatic system | system composed of lymph that contains white blood cells to fight infection. also gets rid of waste and unwanted materials. |
| lymphatic veins | veins that drain lymph and other excess material into ducts that lead to the subclavian veins |
| mesenteric artery | take blood from the aorta and distribute it to the digestive organs |
| oval opening | passage way in between the right and left ventricles. This is present in fetuses because the fetus can not breathe in through their lungs. |
| plasma | liquid in blood that contains inorganic and organic. used as transport, blood clotting, fighting infection, and maintaining blood volume. |
| platelets | used in blood clotting. When there is a cut they plug the hole and form threads so that blood vessels will be caught in them to block the hole. |
| posterior vena cava | carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart |
| pulmonary arteries | carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
| pulmonary circulation | cycle where deoxygenated blood gets carried from the right ventricle to the lungs where it is then returned to the left atrium and then to the left ventricle. |
| pulmonary trunk | the base of the pulmonary artery |
| pulmonary veins | blood stream that leads from lungs to the heart. leads newly oxygenated blood to the left atrium. |
| Purkinje fibres | activate left and right ventricle through electrical impulses. |
| red blood cell | manufactured in bone marrow and function as transport for oxygen and carbon dioxide. They contain no nuclei but have hemoglobin (protein that carries oxygen). having no nuclei makes them have more surface area and help them be more flexible. |
| renal artery | artery that leads from aorta to the capillaries of the kidneys. |
| renal vein | vein that leads to the vena cava and receives deoxygenated blood from capillaries in the kidneys. |
| right atrium | receives deoxygenated blood from the anterior vena cava where it is transported to the right ventricle |
| right ventricle | receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery |
| sinoatrial (SA) node | pace maker of the heart that sends out signals that initiated the heart. |
| semi-lunar valve | two valves: pulmonary semilunar valve (between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk) and aortic semilunar valve (between left ventricle and aorta). permit blood to enter arteries but prevent blood from going back into the ventricle from those arteries. |
| septum | separates the heart into a left and right section. |
| subclavian artery | artery that supplies blood to the head, neck, shoulders and arms. offset of the carotid artery. |
| subclavian vein | empties blood from the head region and sends it back to the heart via the superior vena cava. |
| system circulation | the circulation of blood throughout the body starting at the aorta and then back to the heart ending at the posterior/ superior vena cava. |
| systolic pressure | pressure that happens when ventricle contract, forcing blood into the aorta. Also forces the AV valve shut due to the pressure. this prevents backflow. |
| total cross-section area* | found in places with lowest velocities (capillaries). |
| umbilical artery | artery found near the pelvis/stomach region |
| umbilical vein | vein found near the pelvis/stomach region |
| valve | prevent s oxygen from flowing backwards |
| veins | carry oxygen to the heart from the capillary beds. can expand and stores 70% of the bodies blood. |
| venous duct | from the umbilical chord, allows blood to pass into the vena cava . |
| vessel wall | walls of arteries/veins/capillaries that contain endothelium attached to connective tissue. |
| white blood cell | unlike red blood cells, have nucleus, do not have hemoglobin, and are bigger. They are built to fight infection and help in developing immunity to certain diseases. |
Created by:
Graeme.N