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Unit 3 Vocabulary

Tectonic Plates

TermDefinition
Asthenosphere The lower part of the crust and upper part of the mantle
Subduction When denser plates sink under less dense plates
Seafloor Spreading When lava in the ocean hardens and forms a rock at a mid ocean ridge and pushes older crust back
Mantle convection The circulation of warm less dense material and cold dense material
Ridge push When lava hardens and pushes away old crust
Slab pull When old and colder plates are pulled under newer ones
Lava Magma that's exited the earth's crust
Magma Molten rock and minerals in earth's crust
Tectonic Plate Giant irregularly shaped slab of solid rock
Theory of Continental Drift The theory that the continents are slowly drifting apart
Convergent boundary When two plates push together in the same direction; often forms volcanic mountains
Divergent boundary When two plates are pulled apart/pushed apart and form ridges or rift valleys
Transform boundary When two plates rub against each other in opposite directions; forms faults and causes earthquakes
Hot Spot Hot areas on Earth's surface where plumes of mantle rise to the surface
Epicenter Point directly above the focus of an earthquake
Focus The point of the first rupture of a fault during an earthquake
Pangaea Theory that the continents were once whole called a supercontinent
Geohazard Geological occurrences where land falls, moves, or shifts
Reverse Fault Compression forces plates to move in opposite directions (upward)
Strike-slip fault Shearing causes horizontal movement along fault
Normal Fault Tension causes plates to slip horizontally downward
Compression Stress that's aimed to the center of a rock mass
Tension Stress that pulls rocks in two separate directions
Shearing The shifting of two plates or rocks against one another
Felsic Igneous rocks with many elements that form feldspar and etc,
Mafic Igneous rocks with lots of magnesium and iron
Created by: gagef122
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