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Unit 2: Cells A
Cell Structure & Cell Specialization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves |
| centriole | tiny structure located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| chloroplast | plant cell organelle that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| chromosome | threadlike structure in the nucleus containing genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane |
| cytoskeleton | helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| endoplasmic reticulum | cell organelle where lipids are assembled |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| golgi apparatus | cell organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins |
| lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food to compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| nucleus | the cell structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| prokaryote | single-celled organism lacking a nucleus |
| ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| vacuole | cell organelle that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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sherrysliwa