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Unit 3 Vocab Zainab

Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Asthenosphere Part of the upper mantle which is responsible for plate tectonic movement
Subduction a tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate
Seafloor spreading In a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading, new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches
Mantle Convection Driving mechanism of plate movements. Cooler mantle material is denser than hot mantle material.
Ridge Push Weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone.
Slab Pull Weight of the subjecting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into subduction zone
Lava Magma that flows onto Earth's surface
Magma A slushy mix of molten rock, dissolved gases, and mineral crystals.
Tectonic Plates Earth's crust that cover its surface and fit together at their edges
Theory of Continental Drift Hypothesis that Earth's continents were once joined as a single landmass, that broke apart.
Convergent Boundary two tectonic plates are moving toward each other
Divergent Boundary two tectonic plates are moving apart
Transform Boundary two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other
Hot spot unusually hot regions of earth's mantle because of magma rise to the surface
Epicenter The point on earth's surface directly above the focus
Focus Point of initial fault rupture where an earthquake ruptures
Pangea ancient landmass made up of all the continents
Geohazard a geological state that lead to damage
Reverse fault a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezes rocks
Strike-slip fault the movement is mainly horizontal and in opposite directions
normal fault any fracture or system of fractures along which earth moves
Compression stress that decreases the volume of a material
Tension stress that pulls a material apart
Shearing stress that is parallel to a given surface
Felsic igneous rock that is richer in Feldspar and silicon
Mafic igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron
Created by: zshinaba
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