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Biology Vocab Quiz
Mrs. Neylon's quiz 1/21/20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The smallest unit of life in the human body, and is required for life. |
| Metabolism | A process in the human body used to generate energy |
| Homeostasis | Ability to maintain a stable internal environment |
| Stimuli | Response to something externally |
| Evolution | Advancing and developing from the past |
| Reproduction | Creating something that is identical to the previous organism and is continuously repeated |
| Organelle | Parts of the cell that work together to make the cell survive |
| Organism | Living thing |
| Unicellular | Organisms that only have one cell that carries all of the burdens |
| Mulitcellular | Organisms that has lots of cell |
| Eukaryotes | Cells that are more complex and evolved from past cells |
| Prokaryotic | Cells that are less complex and is more vulnerable to the world |
| Structure | Arrangement of parts to make something complex |
| Function | What the cell does and how it lives |
| Plasma Membrane | External boundary of a cell |
| Nucleus | Part of a cell that controls the activity |
| Doxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Genetic material that makes cell more unique and is passed down through generations |
| Ribosomes | Organelle that produces proteins |
| Cytoplasm | Material that holds all of the organelles in place within the cell |
| Cell Wall | Layer around the plasma membrane in plants cells, since the organism doesn't have protection like animal skin |
| Chloroplast | Organelle in the plant cell that is needed for photosynthesis |
| Chlorophyll | A green pigment in the Chloroplast that consumes that sun's energy |
| *cilia | Microscopic hairs that allow movement |
| *flagella | String attached to some cells to allow them to swim |
| Polymer | Large molecule made up of lots of tiny molecules |
| Protein | Long chains of amino acids bonded together to make a compound essential for body tissue development |
| Monomer | Single molecule boded to others to make a long chain |
| Macro-molecule | Molecule containing a lot of different types of atoms |
| Carbohydrate | Molecules that make starches and sugars |
| Lipid | Natural oils that make fats |
| Amino Acid | Simple organic compound that make proteins |
| Nucleic Acid | Complex compound that contains DNA and RNA |
| Enzyme | Substance produced by a living organism that performs certain chemical reactions |
| **nucleotide | Monomer of Nucleic acid |
| Vacuole | Organelle that stores water |
| Semi-permeable | Means that the plasma membrane is able to let some things enter and others not |
| Phospholipid | Molecules that make up the phospholipid bilayer |
| Phospholipid bilayer | Barrier around the cell |
| Hydrophilic | Part of the phospholipid that is water-loving |
| Hydrophobic | Part of the phospholipid that is water-hating |
| *amphipathic | Molecule that is both hydro phobic and philic |
| Osmosis | When the water passes through to dilute the solute |
| Diffusion | When materials pass through the plasma membrane to reach equilibrium |
| Organ System | Group of organs that work together as a system in order to perform one or more functions for the organism |
| Organ | Part of an organism that has a vital importance that makes up systems in the human body |
| Tissue | Distinct types of materials that organisms are made out of |
| Products | The products in chemistry are the components that are given off as a result of the reactants. |
| Reactants | Reactants in chemistry are the components that are required to make a process function. |
| Glucose | Glucose is the sugar that provides energy for plant cells and is a reactant for cellular respiration. |
| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate is the energy that cells need, aka ATP. |
| Heterotroph | An organism that needs its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
| Autotroph | Living organisms that are able to live off of other substances like carbon dioxide. |
| Cellular Respiration | Cellular respiration is the process that cells endure to get ATP energy and live. |
| Photosynthesis | Photosynthesis is the process of how plants make their own food and energy. |
| Active transport | Active transport is when molecules pass through the plasma membrane, but requires ATP energy to help it. |
| Passive transport | Passive transport is when molecules pass through the plasma membrane. |
| Hypertonic | Hypertonic means that there is more solute than solvent. |
| Hypotonic | Hypotonic means that area has a higher concentration of solvent than solute. |
| Isotonic | Isotonic means that the two areas have the equal or same concentration. |
| Concentration Gradient | Concentration Gradient is the way molecules flow from high to low. |
| Equilibrium | Equilibrium happens when the same amount of molecules and all parts of the cell is the same. |
| Solute | The solute is the material that is not the water. |
| Solvent | The part of the solution that is trying to dilute the solute. |
| Solution | Solution is the particle during diffusion that is not the water/liquid |
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