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Biology Vocab Quiz
Mrs. Neylon's quiz 1/21/20
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cell | The smallest unit of life in the human body, and is required for life. |
Metabolism | A process in the human body used to generate energy |
Homeostasis | Ability to maintain a stable internal environment |
Stimuli | Response to something externally |
Evolution | Advancing and developing from the past |
Reproduction | Creating something that is identical to the previous organism and is continuously repeated |
Organelle | Parts of the cell that work together to make the cell survive |
Organism | Living thing |
Unicellular | Organisms that only have one cell that carries all of the burdens |
Mulitcellular | Organisms that has lots of cell |
Eukaryotes | Cells that are more complex and evolved from past cells |
Prokaryotic | Cells that are less complex and is more vulnerable to the world |
Structure | Arrangement of parts to make something complex |
Function | What the cell does and how it lives |
Plasma Membrane | External boundary of a cell |
Nucleus | Part of a cell that controls the activity |
Doxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Genetic material that makes cell more unique and is passed down through generations |
Ribosomes | Organelle that produces proteins |
Cytoplasm | Material that holds all of the organelles in place within the cell |
Cell Wall | Layer around the plasma membrane in plants cells, since the organism doesn't have protection like animal skin |
Chloroplast | Organelle in the plant cell that is needed for photosynthesis |
Chlorophyll | A green pigment in the Chloroplast that consumes that sun's energy |
*cilia | Microscopic hairs that allow movement |
*flagella | String attached to some cells to allow them to swim |
Polymer | Large molecule made up of lots of tiny molecules |
Protein | Long chains of amino acids bonded together to make a compound essential for body tissue development |
Monomer | Single molecule boded to others to make a long chain |
Macro-molecule | Molecule containing a lot of different types of atoms |
Carbohydrate | Molecules that make starches and sugars |
Lipid | Natural oils that make fats |
Amino Acid | Simple organic compound that make proteins |
Nucleic Acid | Complex compound that contains DNA and RNA |
Enzyme | Substance produced by a living organism that performs certain chemical reactions |
**nucleotide | Monomer of Nucleic acid |
Vacuole | Organelle that stores water |
Semi-permeable | Means that the plasma membrane is able to let some things enter and others not |
Phospholipid | Molecules that make up the phospholipid bilayer |
Phospholipid bilayer | Barrier around the cell |
Hydrophilic | Part of the phospholipid that is water-loving |
Hydrophobic | Part of the phospholipid that is water-hating |
*amphipathic | Molecule that is both hydro phobic and philic |
Osmosis | When the water passes through to dilute the solute |
Diffusion | When materials pass through the plasma membrane to reach equilibrium |
Organ System | Group of organs that work together as a system in order to perform one or more functions for the organism |
Organ | Part of an organism that has a vital importance that makes up systems in the human body |
Tissue | Distinct types of materials that organisms are made out of |
Products | The products in chemistry are the components that are given off as a result of the reactants. |
Reactants | Reactants in chemistry are the components that are required to make a process function. |
Glucose | Glucose is the sugar that provides energy for plant cells and is a reactant for cellular respiration. |
ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate is the energy that cells need, aka ATP. |
Heterotroph | An organism that needs its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
Autotroph | Living organisms that are able to live off of other substances like carbon dioxide. |
Cellular Respiration | Cellular respiration is the process that cells endure to get ATP energy and live. |
Photosynthesis | Photosynthesis is the process of how plants make their own food and energy. |
Active transport | Active transport is when molecules pass through the plasma membrane, but requires ATP energy to help it. |
Passive transport | Passive transport is when molecules pass through the plasma membrane. |
Hypertonic | Hypertonic means that there is more solute than solvent. |
Hypotonic | Hypotonic means that area has a higher concentration of solvent than solute. |
Isotonic | Isotonic means that the two areas have the equal or same concentration. |
Concentration Gradient | Concentration Gradient is the way molecules flow from high to low. |
Equilibrium | Equilibrium happens when the same amount of molecules and all parts of the cell is the same. |
Solute | The solute is the material that is not the water. |
Solvent | The part of the solution that is trying to dilute the solute. |
Solution | Solution is the particle during diffusion that is not the water/liquid |