Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
nur252
Altered Neuro 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What nerve injury would be for sure death? | C1-2-odontoid |
| What nerve injuries would lead to quadriplegia? | C3-4-altered phrenic, neck, scapulaC5-6-altered deltoid/biceps/DTR fxnC6-7-altered triceps/DTR fxnC8-T1-altered finger fxn |
| What nerve injury would lead to paraplegia (leg paralysis)? | S1-2-neurogenic bladder/bowel/sexual/DTR dysfxn |
| What is spinal/neurogenic shock? | loss of all neuronal messages below area of lesion |
| When does autonomic hyperreflexia occur? | any time after spinal shock is over |
| What is the patho of autonomic dysreflexia? | distended bladder or bowel triggers an arterial spasm increases BP, bradycardia headache fluhihng but neuronal message cannot pass through damaged cord so more vessels constrict leading to BP>300-risk for cerebral hemorrhage-life threatening |
| What should you do in the case of autonomic dysreflexia? | raise head of bed, get IV vasodilator |
| Pain is __________________? | subjective |
| What are pain symptom clusters? | pain, appetite changes, sleep problems, depression threshold, tolerance, endorphins |
| What is the Gate Control Theory? | stimulation of larger non-nociceptive A fibers closes gate to smaller C pain fibers |
| What is the pathway of pain perception? | afferent peripheral nerves, dorsal horn spinal cord, cross to opposite lateral spinothalmic tract, ascends RAS, diencephalon, parietal cortex |
| What is delirium? | acute confusional state |
| What are the S/S of delirium? | difficulty concentrating,restless, irritable, appetite and sleep changes |
| What is dementia? | progressive neuronal degeneration; atrophy |
| What are the pathology theories of Alzheimer's? | mutation of amyloid precursor protein gene or apolipoprotein E errors, on different chromosomes, accumulation of cell debri around core of beta amyloid peptide proteins become distorted and tangled-increase in neurofibrillary tangles, decreased Ach |
| What are the hallmarks pathologies of Alzheimer's? | senile plaques, tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, and decreased Ach; chronic inflammatory response |
| What are the 3 stages of Alzheimer's? | Stage 1-short term memory; stage 2-progressing to loss of remote memory, depression, irritability, wandering; stage 3-mental fxn deteriorated, muscle rigidity, incontinence, agitation and combativeness |
| What is Huntington's Disease? | middle-age onset, autosomal dominant, progressive cortical atrophy, incrased loss GABA to basal ganglia leading to uncontrolled limb movements |
| What is Parkinson's patho? | imbalance of dopaminergic and choinergic actyivity in corpus striatum and substantia nigra secondary to degeneration of dopamine producing cells leading to increased Ach |
| What are the manifestations of Parkinson's? | resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor, bradykinesia, muscular rigidy-cogwheeling, mask face, monotone, drooling, dysphagia, depression, dementia, orthostatic hypoTN, gastric retention, constipation, urinary retention, shuffling gait |
| What is the Parkinson's triad? | bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor |
| What is multiple sclerosis? | degenerative demyleination of CNS and PNS |
| What is the etiology MS? | autoimmune |
| What is the degenerative process of MS? | repeated remissions and exacerbations causes permanent scarring leading to impaired nerve transmission |
| What are MS manifestations? | visual loss, paresis, fatigue, cognition/attention span changes, paresthesias, dysarthria, ataxia, neurogenic bladder/bowel, inention tremor-ipsilateral |
| What is ALS or Lou Gehrig's? | rapid, progressive upper and lower MOTOR neuron degeneration/muscle wasting |
| What is the hallmark of ALS? | weakness in lower extremeties progressing to functional quadriplegia |
| What does this hallmark to lead to? | ascending motor weakness leading to dysphagia, dysphasia, and respiratory paralysis within about 5 yrs-NO MENTAL, SENSORY, OR AUTONOMIC DEGENERATION |
| What is myasthenia gravis? | chronic autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction; IgG antibodies produced against Ach receptors on muscle cells; Ach blocked or receptor destroyed-decreased muscle depolarization |
| What are manifestations of MG? | muscle weakness, diplopia, ptosis, decreased facial expression, dysphagia, dysarthria, fatigue, severe--respiratory arrest |
| What is Guillan-Barre syndrome? | ascending paralysis, peripheral nerves; acute rapid progression (hrs, min)-caused by inflammation that causes edema and demyelination and decreased neurotransmission |
| What are the childhood neural tube malformations? | spina bifida, meningocele, myelomeningocele |
| What is phenylketonuria? | decreased conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine |
| What does PKU lead to? | mental retardation and behavioral changes, paleness, decreased thyroxine and catecholamines |
| How long is the risk for a child who has had PKU? | life-long |
| What is Tay-Sachs? | autosomal recessive error in lysosomal storage from missing lysosomal enzyme affecting lipid metabolism |
| What does Tay-Sachs? | causes CNS damage, seizures, muscular damage, blindness |
| What is cerebral palsy? | nonprogressive motor impairment |
| What are the S/S of cerebral palsy? | excess lethargy, irritability, motor dysfxn, high-pitched cry, poor head control, weak sucking, unusual posturing, epilepsy, visual problems, mental retardation, learning disorders |
| What is Reye syndrome? | from aspirin use in children leading to encephalopathy and fatty organ changes-esp. liver |
| What are the S/S or Reye syndrome? | vomiting, lethargy, drowsiness, decreased LOC |
| What are the Drug/Toxicity induced encephalopathies? | Rx poisonings, lead, petroleum, carbon monoxide, botulism |
Created by:
152700439
Popular Nursing sets