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Fluids electrolytes
ch. 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| provides extracellular trasportation route to deliver nutrients to the cells and carry waste products from the cells. Once inside cells it provides a medium in which chemical reactions or metabolism can occur. | water |
| fluid compartment between the cells or in the tissues and accounts for approximately 27% of the fluid in the patients body. | interstital |
| examples of interstitial fluid are | lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, GI secretions |
| plasma within the vessels that makes up 7% of the fluid volume | intravascular |
| fluid compartment that is the larger of the two compartments. It contains fluids inside the billion of cells within the body. | intracellular |
| fluid compartment outside the cells. It is divided into the intersitial and intravascular fluid compartments | extracellular |
| cation or anion in solution tha conducts an electric current | electrolytes |
| fluid inside a cell | intracellular |
| hormone secreted from the neurohypophysis that acts on the kidney to reduce output of urine, also called a vasopressin | antidiuretic (ADH) |
| tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in solution; the product of the constant random motion of all atoms, molecules, or ions in a solution. passive transport | diffusion |
| movement due to a pressure difference of luquid through a filter that prevents some or all of the substances in the liquid from passing through. | filtration |
| diffusion of solvent (water) through a membrane from less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution | osmosis |
| type of solution that causes cells to neither shrink nor swell | isotonic |
| solution that causes cells to swell | hypotonic |
| solution that causes cells to shrink | hypertonic |
| ions carrying a positive charge | cations |
| ion carrying a negative charge | anions |
| abnormally high plasma concentration of sodium ions | hyponatremia |
| abnormally small concentration of potassium ions in the blood | hypokalemia |
| blood pH of 7.45 or above | alkalosis |
| ph less than 7 | acidosis |
| abnormally low levels of calciumless than 4.5mEq/L | hypocalcemia |
| a relative constancy in the internal envionment of the body naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival | homeostasis |
| high volume fluid | hypervolemia |
| low volume fluid | hypovolemia |
| requires energy, a force that moves molecules into cells without regard for their positive or negative charge and against concentration factors that would prevent entry into the cell via diffusion | active transport |
| moves fluid and electrolytes from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration | active transport |
| force of fluid pressing outward on a vessel wall | hydrostatic pressure |
| what type of transport requires the expenditure of energy by the cell | active transport |
| the energy required for active transport processes is obtained from an important chemical substance called | adensisine triphosphate (ATP) |
| requires no cellular energy to move substances from a high concentration to a low concentration | passive transport |
| substances that when in dolution, separate (dissociate) into electrically charges particles | electrolytes |
| Na+, a cation and the most abundant electrolyte in the body, Major extracellular electrolyte | sodium |
| less than normal concentration of sodium in the blood | hypnatremia |
| when a deficiency results from sodium loss the body attempts to compensate by | decreasin water excretion |
| a greater than normal concentration of sodium,caused by an excess of sodium or a decrease in body water, causes fluid to shift from the cells to the intersitial spaces resulting in cellular dehydrations and an interruprion in cellular processes | hypernatremia |
| K+ the dominant intracellular cation | potassium |
| the normal blood serum level for potassium is | 3.5-5 mEq/L |
| the level of potassium in the extracellular fluid is low because | potassium is an intracellular electrolyte |
| The routes of K+ excretion are the | kidneys 80-90% feces and perspiration 10-20% |
| potassium assists in the cellular metabolism of | carbohydrates and proteins |
| when potassium moves out of the cell sodium and hydrogen move in the result is | the regulation of acid-base balance |
| one function of potassium is to control | the hydrogen ion concentration |
| The main function of potassium is the regulation of | water and electrolyte content within the cell |
| too little or too much potassium affects the | heart muscle and can be life threatening |
| of the body's potassium 98% is in the ____ and 2% is in the _____ fluid | cells, extracellular |
| surgical removal of parathyroid glands can cause | hypocalcemia |
| neuromuscular irritation and increased excitablility are signs and symptoms of | hypocalcemia |
| this condition occurs when calcium levels exceed 5.8 mEq/L | hypercalcemia |
| Increase intake of calcium or Vit D may cause | hypercalcemia |
| The normal blood level of phosphorus is | 4 mEq/L |
| HPO4- | phosphorus |
| phosphorus is an _________ anion | intracellular |
| as blood calcium levels increase phosphorus levels must | decrease |
| 70-80% of phosphorus is found in an individual's | bones and teeth |
| the minimum daily requirement of phosphorus is | 800 mg |
| Mg++ | magnesium |
| develops when blood levels of magnesium fall to less than 1.5 mEq/L | hypomagnesemia |
| Acid-base balance means homeostasis of the ________ ion concentration in the body fluids | hydrogen H+ |
| a sample of extracellular fluid, arterial blood is used to measure an individual's | pH |
| Co2 gets rid of | hydrogen ions |
| when the lungs retain carbon dioxide to lower oH is is called | metabolic alkalosis |
| pH of 7.0 is | acidic |
| PC02 of 32 is | alkaline |
| HC03 of 21 is | acidic |
| normal range of pH is | 7.35-7.45 |
| normal range of PC02 is | 35-45 |
| normal range of HC03 is | 22-26 |
| an alkaline electrolyte whose major function is the regulation of the acid-balance also called acid-alkaline balance is called | bicarbonate |
| aterial blood gases determine if the solution is | acid, neutral or alkaline |
| when kidneys retain increased amounts of bicarbonate to increase pH it is called | respiratory acidosis |
| when the lungs blow off carbon dioxide to raise pH it is called | metabolic acidosis |
| when kidneys excrete increased amounts of bicarbonate to lower pH it is called | respiratory alkalosis |
| what aids in the maaintenance of acid base balance and to assist in heat regulation by evaporation and acts as a lubricant for tissues | water |
| True or FalseExtracellular fluis is lost from the body more rapidly than intracellular fluid. | true |
| The intracellular and extracellular compartments are seperated by a?This allows for a constant back and forth flow as nutrients are taken into the cell and waste products are carried out of the cell. | semipermeable membrane |
| The kidneys must excrete a minimum of __ mL/hr of urine to eliminate waste products from the body. | 30 |
| A simple accurate method of determining water balance in a patient is | by weighing the patient under exact conditions, same time of day, amount of bed clothing, gown and attached equipment |
Created by:
lpnjuly2010
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