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Unit 3 Vocab: Daija
Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | upper layer of the mantel where convection Is thought to occur |
| Subduction | process by which one tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate |
| Seafloor Spreading | the hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid- ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches; occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading |
| Mantle Convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another |
| Ridge Push | tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone |
| Slab Pull | tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone |
| Lava | magma that flows out onto the Earth's surface |
| Magma | hot liquid rock inside the earth |
| Tectonic Plate | huge piece of Earth's crust that cover its surface and fit together at their edges |
| Theory of Continental Drift | Wegener's hypothesis that Earth's continents were joined as a single landmass, called Pangaea, that broke apart about 200 mysteries and slowly moved to their present positions |
| Convergent Boundary | place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other; associated with trenches, island arcs, and folded mountains |
| Divergent Boundary | place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart; associated with volcanoes, earthquakes, and high heat flow on the ocean floor |
| Transform Boundary | place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each another; characterized by long faults and shallow earthquakes |
| Hot Spot | unusually hot area in Earth's mantle where high temperatures plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface |
| Epicenter (earthquakes) | point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| Focus (earthquakes) | point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath Earth's surface |
| Pangaea | ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200 mya |
| Geohazard | a harmful event caused by the earth, for example an earthquake, a tsunami, or a volcano |
| Reverse Fault | result of horizontal compression |
| Strike-slip Fault | horizontal shear |
| Normal Fault | horizontal tension |
| Compression | a compressive force |
| Tension | a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions |
| Shearing | the lateral movement of one rock surface against another |
| Felsic | relating to a group of light colored minerals |
| Mafic | relating to a group of dark colored minerals |
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