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105 Chapter 16
General Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Types of Medications on Ambulance | Aspirin, Oral Glucose, O2, Activated Charcoal |
| Aspiring | a med used to prevent clotting of blood associated with myocardial infarction |
| Oral Glucose | a form of glucose given by mouth in between gum and cheek or under tongue, to awake patient with altered mental status and history of diabetes |
| Oxygen | used to treat any patient whos medical or traumatic conditions may cause him to be hypoxic |
| Activated Charcoal | used to treat poisoning or drug overdose when a substance is swallowed and in the digestive tract. (Absorbs some poisons and binds them to surfaces of charcoal, preventing it from being absorbed by body) |
| 3 Assisted Prescribed Meds | Epinephrine AI, Nitroglycerin, Prescribed inhaler |
| Bronchodilator Inhalers | a spray device that contains an aerosol form of med to spray into airway |
| Diseases that use Bronchodilator Inhaler | Asthma, Emphysema, chronic bronchitis |
| Examples of Inhaler Meds | Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil, Volmax) and levalbuterol (Xopenex) |
| 2 common side-effects of Bronchodilator | Increased HR, and jitteriness |
| Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) | dilates coronary vessels, pills/spray, prescribed to someone with recurrent chest pain or history of heart attack (up to 3 pills before calling EMS) |
| Nitro Contras | patient has taken Sildenafil (Viagra), Verdenafil (Levitra), Tadalafil (Cialis). Serious neg. interaction with combo to Nitro |
| Nitro Side-Effects | decrease in BP |
| Epinephrine AI | Constricts blood vessels and relaxes passages of airway, treats allergic reactions and anaplylaxis |
| Examples of Ep AIs | Twinject, Auvi-Q (Voice prompts), Epi-Pen |
| Side Effects of Ep AIs | Increased HR and BP |
| atomizer | attached to end of syringe to turn med into very fine droplets |
| Naloxone (Narcan) | reverses effects of narcotic overdose, usually injected but can by nasally sprayed |
| Effect of giving Naloxone to unconscious, respiratory failure without having a narcotic? | NOTHING |
| Force Protection Med : ATROPINE | for EMS personnel during a Chemical Attack |
| USP | U.S. Pharacopoeia - gov't publication of every drug or med |
| 3 Names of Drugs | Chemical, Generic, Trade |
| untoward effects | effects that are not only unexpected, but also potentially harmful to the patient |
| Different Forms of Meds | powders or tablets (Nitro Pills) * Liquids for outside digestive tract ie. Epinephrine AI * Liquids orally, cough syrup, uses digestive tract * Liquid vaporized ie. fixed-dose nebulizer * Gels *Suspensions * Fine Powder inhaler * Gases * Sublingual nitro |
| Parenteral | Liquid route outside of GI tract, such as intravenous or IM med (Ep AI) |
| Enteral | Liquid route orally through the GI Tract (cough syrup, or pill) |
| The Echo-Technique | repeating orders to confirm you have received information accurately during Online-Medical Direction |
| The FIVE Rights (PTMDR) | 1. Right patient? 2. Right time to administer? 3. Right med? 4. Right Dose? Right route of Admin? |
| Routes of Administration | oral, sublingual, inhaled, IT, IV, IM, Subcutaneous, IO, Endotracheal |
| Pharmacodynamics | study of effects of medications on the body |
| Post - Administration? | Reassess, vital signs immediately and frequently and document the name, dose, route and location, time, and effects |
| PDR | Physicians Desk Reference, found in ambulances for additional information on medications |
| Advair | NOT USED for acute-attacks, it is used for prolonged treatment of respiratory condition, |
| 3 parts of IV | *Drip Chamber(micro 60 drops = 1cc/1mL) (Macro 10-15 drops = 1cc/1mL) *Flow Regulator * Drug/Needle Port |
| 8 Steps to assist IV | 1. Remove wrapper + Inspect bag and expiration 2. Select administration set, uncoil w/o touching ground 3. Extension Set 4. Ensure Flow Reg is closed 5. Remove covering from port 6. Hold fluid higher than chamber 7. Open Flow Reg 8. Turn off Flow |
| 5 Guidelines Maintaining IV | 1. Constricting Band left on 2. flow reg closed 3. clamp closed on tubing 4. tubing may kink 5. tubing caught under patient or backboard |
| What is KVO and Why is it important? | Keep Vein Open to prevent blood clotting in the catheter |
| KVO Rates | Micro - 30 drops/min Macro - 10 drops/min |
| If drip chamber is overfilled? | clamp tubing, invert chamber, pump some back into bag |
| Runaway IV? | An IV with a flowrate that is too fast |
| Infiltrated IV? | when the needle has either punctured through or pulled out of vein, resulting in the liquid flowing into the surrounding tissues, noticeable by swelling and pain, must stop flow and discontinue IV |
Created by:
jon.kowalski
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