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Unit 3 vocab-Madison
Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | upper part of mantle beneath the lithosphere, it is where convection currents happen |
| Subduction | |
| Seafloor spreading | the process of new oceanic crust being formed |
| Mantle convection | movement of mantle caused by convection currents |
| Ridge push | the weight of an elevated ridge push the oceanic plate down |
| Slab pull | |
| Lava | magma on outside of volcano |
| Magma | semifluid material inside Earth's crust |
| Tectonic plate | |
| Theory of continental drift | |
| Convergent boundary | when two plates crash into each other |
| Divergent boundary | when two plates move away from each other |
| Transform boundary | |
| Hot spot | Unusually hot area inside Earth's mantle that has upwelling mantle rising towards the surface |
| Epicenter (in regards to earthquakes) | point on the Earth's surface above the focus |
| Focus (in regards to earthquakes) | the first fault rupture where the earthquake originated |
| Pangaea | All of earth's continets once joined together |
| Geohazard | geographic hazards that can cause damage or risk |
| Reverse fault | when one side of the fault moves up the other |
| Strike-slip fault | |
| Normal fault | when two plates diverge and one falls down compared to the other |
| Compression | stress put toward the center of a mass, it happens at convergent boundaries |
| Tension | |
| Shearing | deformation resulting in rock failure from unbalanced stress distribution, it happens at transform boundaries |
| Felsic | adjective describing igneous rock rich in elements forming quartz and feldspar |
| Mafic | adjective describing igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron |