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Gen. Bio II - Evo.
General Biology II - Evolution
Question | Answer |
---|---|
"Descend with Modification" is the best term for what biological term | evolution |
the theary fo evolution started with which greek philosopher | Aristotle |
what term did Aristotle use for the idea that each organism occupies a rung on a latter based on increasing complexity | Scala Naturae |
whoe developed the binomial classification system | Carolus Linnaeus |
from domain to species name all the classifications of living things | Domain, Kingdom , Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
___________________ is the study of fossils | paleontology |
what are fossils | remains/traces of organisms from the past |
where are fossils found | in the strata/layers of sedimentary rock |
what is the importanco of George Cuvier | developer of paleontoloogy |
who first proposed that life changes over time , and was vilified by popular consient | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck |
in what way was Lamarck wrong about evolution | Lamarck proposed that inheritance was acquired characteristics through uses and disuse |
Who was the naturalist that sailed on the HMS Beagle and made observations on the South American coast, which lead to an essay named the Origin of species | Charles Darwin. |
what was Darwin's major take away from the Galapagos islands | he saw how organisms changed and adapted to the environment |
what are adaptations | inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments |
what animal helped Charles Darwin reach his conclusions abut evolution | Galapagos Finches |
Charles Darwin noticed that the _______________ of the Galapagos Finches have adapted to food sources | beaks |
Darwin proposed that individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other because of those traits. What does this represent? | Natural Selection |
what is the premis of Darwin's theory of Evolution | descent with modification, with underlying mechanism being natural selection |
what essay did Charles Darwin write | On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection |
what are the three main observations that Darwin pointed out in his essay On the Origin of Species | unity of life, diversity of life, match between organisms and their environments |
who proposed that history of life is like a tree with each fork of tree represents most recent common ancestor | Charles Darwin |
artificial selection is | selective breeding (i.e. domesticated plants and animals) |
what is overproduction of offspring | when individuals produce more offspring than will/is expected to survive to adulthood |
as a result of natural selection, what happens to favorable traits over time | favorable traits accumulate over generations |
according to Charles Darwin, individuals (do/do not) evolve but populations (do/do not) | individuals DO NOT evolve, Populations DO evolve |
________________________ can amplify or diminish only heritable traits that differ among individuals | natural selction |
natural selection is always operating but depends on ___________________ | context of where species lives and mates |
what term states that characteristics in related species have underlying similarity but function differently | homology |
Homologous structures are expected to result from | a common ancestor |
a bat wing, human forearm, cat leg, and whale flipper are all examples of what | homologous structures |
embryological similarities are examples of ____________________ structures | homologous |
______________________ are remnants of ancestor that served function in ancestor of organism | vestigial structures |
pelvis and leg bones in snake are examples of what? | pelvis and leg bones in snake are examples of VESTIGIAL FEATURES |
_________________ is shared genes among species, some have changed function some have lost function in differing species | molecular similarities |
what is the evolutionary family tree | a pattern of descent from common ancestors |
___________________________ is independent evolution of similar features in different lineages | convergent evolution |
_____________________ results from convergent evolution | analogous features |
what is the opposite of analogous features | homologous features are the opposite of analogous features |
these features have similar functions but no common ancestry | analogous features are similar with no common ancestry |
the _________________ shows us how past organisms differ from the present-day | fossil record |
what is the study of geographic distributions of species | biogeography |