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Gen. Bio II - Evo.
General Biology II - Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "Descend with Modification" is the best term for what biological term | evolution |
| the theary fo evolution started with which greek philosopher | Aristotle |
| what term did Aristotle use for the idea that each organism occupies a rung on a latter based on increasing complexity | Scala Naturae |
| whoe developed the binomial classification system | Carolus Linnaeus |
| from domain to species name all the classifications of living things | Domain, Kingdom , Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| ___________________ is the study of fossils | paleontology |
| what are fossils | remains/traces of organisms from the past |
| where are fossils found | in the strata/layers of sedimentary rock |
| what is the importanco of George Cuvier | developer of paleontoloogy |
| who first proposed that life changes over time , and was vilified by popular consient | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck |
| in what way was Lamarck wrong about evolution | Lamarck proposed that inheritance was acquired characteristics through uses and disuse |
| Who was the naturalist that sailed on the HMS Beagle and made observations on the South American coast, which lead to an essay named the Origin of species | Charles Darwin. |
| what was Darwin's major take away from the Galapagos islands | he saw how organisms changed and adapted to the environment |
| what are adaptations | inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments |
| what animal helped Charles Darwin reach his conclusions abut evolution | Galapagos Finches |
| Charles Darwin noticed that the _______________ of the Galapagos Finches have adapted to food sources | beaks |
| Darwin proposed that individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other because of those traits. What does this represent? | Natural Selection |
| what is the premis of Darwin's theory of Evolution | descent with modification, with underlying mechanism being natural selection |
| what essay did Charles Darwin write | On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection |
| what are the three main observations that Darwin pointed out in his essay On the Origin of Species | unity of life, diversity of life, match between organisms and their environments |
| who proposed that history of life is like a tree with each fork of tree represents most recent common ancestor | Charles Darwin |
| artificial selection is | selective breeding (i.e. domesticated plants and animals) |
| what is overproduction of offspring | when individuals produce more offspring than will/is expected to survive to adulthood |
| as a result of natural selection, what happens to favorable traits over time | favorable traits accumulate over generations |
| according to Charles Darwin, individuals (do/do not) evolve but populations (do/do not) | individuals DO NOT evolve, Populations DO evolve |
| ________________________ can amplify or diminish only heritable traits that differ among individuals | natural selction |
| natural selection is always operating but depends on ___________________ | context of where species lives and mates |
| what term states that characteristics in related species have underlying similarity but function differently | homology |
| Homologous structures are expected to result from | a common ancestor |
| a bat wing, human forearm, cat leg, and whale flipper are all examples of what | homologous structures |
| embryological similarities are examples of ____________________ structures | homologous |
| ______________________ are remnants of ancestor that served function in ancestor of organism | vestigial structures |
| pelvis and leg bones in snake are examples of what? | pelvis and leg bones in snake are examples of VESTIGIAL FEATURES |
| _________________ is shared genes among species, some have changed function some have lost function in differing species | molecular similarities |
| what is the evolutionary family tree | a pattern of descent from common ancestors |
| ___________________________ is independent evolution of similar features in different lineages | convergent evolution |
| _____________________ results from convergent evolution | analogous features |
| what is the opposite of analogous features | homologous features are the opposite of analogous features |
| these features have similar functions but no common ancestry | analogous features are similar with no common ancestry |
| the _________________ shows us how past organisms differ from the present-day | fossil record |
| what is the study of geographic distributions of species | biogeography |
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