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Madison VanderVelde
Science test (Tsumanis)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are giant, powerful waves most often caused by earthquakes beneath the ocean floor? | Tsunamis |
| What can tsunamis also be caused by? | Landslides |
| What was one of the most devastating tsunamis that killed more than 200,000 people in 2004. What was the name of the earthquake? | Indian earthquake |
| A_______on earth is a vent or fissure in the planets crust through which lava, ash, rock, and gasses erupt. | Volcano |
| The most common types of volcanoes are_______. Airborne fragments of lava, called tephra, are ejected from a single vent. | Cinder cone |
| _______are built layers of alternating lava flow, ash and blocks of unmelted stone. | Stratovolcano |
| ________ volcanos are huge gently sloping volcanoes built of very think lava spreading out in all directions. | Sheild |
| _______ are built up when lava is too viscous to flow. | lava dome |
| _______ is a bowl-shaped depression formed when a volcano collapses. | caldera |
| ________ is when magma solidifies in the fissure of a volcano the hard dense rock may form a "neck" that remains when softer surrounding rock has been eroded away. | volcanic plug |
| _________ are shallow, flat-floored craters. | Tuff cones |
| How many active volcanoes are there today? | 1,500 |
| Where are most volcanoes located? | Where the tectonic plates meet |
| 75% of all volcanoes are located around this ocean_______. they form a horseshoe shape called ________. | Pacific. The ring of fire. |
| Where are most volcanoes located under water? | Near mid-ocean-ridges |
| Why does magma rise through the earths mantle? | Because it is lighter than the surrounding rock |
| Magma that floes out of a volcano and reaches the earths surface is called? | lava |
| What is pyroclastic flow? | Hot ash mixed with gas that flows down a mountain. |
| what are volcanic hot spots | Where earths crust is thin and lava can break through to create volcanoes. |
| Tephra- | describes igneous rocks that formed during volcanic eruptions that blew molten rock into the air. |
| Lapilli- | a peanut a walnut sized rock between 2 to 64 mm. |
| Lava Bombs- | fragments of rock greater than 64 mm. They are made from semi-molten blobs of lava. |
| Lava blocks- | Rock fragments of rock greater than 64 mm. They are made from solid rocks or fragments of solid rocks. |
| The theory that the continents were one big landmass before moving apart to form the continents as we know them today is called the theory of | Continental Drift |
| Who pioneered this theory | Alfred Wegener |
| This giant land mass was known as______. | Pangea |
| Some evidence to support the theory of continental drift | Fossils and Rocks found on opposite land masses Continents appear to fit together Mountain ranges being matched all around the world |
| Harry Hess theorized that hot magma rises up into the rift valley at the mid-ocean-ridges. The lava cools to form a new seafloor. The new lava pushes the seafloor horizontally away from the ridge axis. This theory is called? | Seafloor spreading |
| Sonar showed that the ocean floor was not flat like previously thought, but looked more like huge _______ ranges like we see on land. These are called_______. | Mid-ocean-ridges |
| The upper part of the earth's interior is called_____.The lower part is called ________. | Lithosphere Asthenosphere |
| The earth's magnetic field causes a ______ pattern of new rock every time that magnetic field "flips" or reverses polarity. | stripping |
| The youngest oceanic crust is near the________. | Mid-ocean-ridge |
| The lithosphere is broken up into several pieces called______. | Tectonic plates |
| These plates mover around the the mantle or the_________. | Asthenosphere |
| Hot material in the mantle. rises and cools and sinks creating a _______ current which move like a conveyor belt under the tectonic plates. | convection |
| _________ bounday is where two plates separate | Divergent |
| A divergent boundary under water is called the_______. | mid-ocean-ridge |
| A divergent boundary on land is called._______. | rift valley(when pulling apart) |
| A _________ boundary is where the tectonic plates crash together. | Convergent |
| Oceanic/Continental boundary is where the oceanic plates collide with_________. Oceanic/Oceanic boundary is | Land |
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