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Unit 3 Vocab Jacob L

Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Asthenosphere Lower crust and upper mantle. fluid, and flows in a convection current.
Subduction Process by which one tectonic plate slips underneath another plate
Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches
Mantle Convection Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving mechanism of plate movements (pg. 487)
Ridge Push Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone.
Slab Pull Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subduction plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone
Lava Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface
Magma Molten rock
Tectonic Plate Huge pieces of Earth's crust that covers its surface and fit together at their edges.
Theory of Continental Drift Theory that proposed Earth's continents had once been joined as a single landmass that broke apart and sent the continents adrift.
Convergent Boundary `Two tectonic plates are moving toward each other.
Divergent boundary Place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart
Transform boundary Place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other
Hot Spot Unusually hot area in Earth's mantle where high temperature plums of mantle material rise towards the surface.
Epicenter Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
Focus Point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath Earth's surface.
Pangaea Super continent that contains all earth.
Geohazard Geological state that may lead to mass damage, like mudslide and avalanches
Reverse fault Form from a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezed rock and creates a shortening of the crust. Compression causes vertical movement upward along a fault plane
Strike-slip fault Shear causes horizontal movement along a fault line
Normal fault Tension causes vertical movement upward along a fault plane
Compression Stress that decreases the volume of a material
Tension Stress that pulls a material apart
Shearing Stress that causes a material to twist
Felsic Group of light colored minerals
Mafic Group of dark colored minerals
Created by: jacoblin
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