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Unit 3 Vocab Jacob L
Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | Lower crust and upper mantle. fluid, and flows in a convection current. |
| Subduction | Process by which one tectonic plate slips underneath another plate |
| Seafloor Spreading | Hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches |
| Mantle Convection | Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving mechanism of plate movements (pg. 487) |
| Ridge Push | Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone. |
| Slab Pull | Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subduction plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone |
| Lava | Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface |
| Magma | Molten rock |
| Tectonic Plate | Huge pieces of Earth's crust that covers its surface and fit together at their edges. |
| Theory of Continental Drift | Theory that proposed Earth's continents had once been joined as a single landmass that broke apart and sent the continents adrift. |
| Convergent Boundary | `Two tectonic plates are moving toward each other. |
| Divergent boundary | Place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart |
| Transform boundary | Place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other |
| Hot Spot | Unusually hot area in Earth's mantle where high temperature plums of mantle material rise towards the surface. |
| Epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| Focus | Point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath Earth's surface. |
| Pangaea | Super continent that contains all earth. |
| Geohazard | Geological state that may lead to mass damage, like mudslide and avalanches |
| Reverse fault | Form from a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezed rock and creates a shortening of the crust. Compression causes vertical movement upward along a fault plane |
| Strike-slip fault | Shear causes horizontal movement along a fault line |
| Normal fault | Tension causes vertical movement upward along a fault plane |
| Compression | Stress that decreases the volume of a material |
| Tension | Stress that pulls a material apart |
| Shearing | Stress that causes a material to twist |
| Felsic | Group of light colored minerals |
| Mafic | Group of dark colored minerals |
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jacoblin
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