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Unit 3 Vocab(Danica)
Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | Upper layer of the Earths mantle right below the Lithosphere |
| Subduction | The process by which one tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate |
| Seafloor spreading | The hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches |
| Mantle convection | Slow creeping motion where convections currents carry heat to the top and once they cool bring them back down and the whole process started over again. |
| Ridge push | Tectonic process associated with conviction currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when weight and elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone. |
| Slab pull | Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into subduction zone. |
| Lava | magma that pours out onto Earth's surface |
| Magma | Molten rock below Earth's surface |
| Tectonic Plate | Huge pieces of Earth's crust that cover its surface and fit together at their edges |
| Theory of Continental Drift | The theory that all the continents were once one and in a super continent called Pangea |
| Convergent Boundary | Place where two tectonic plates are moving toward eachother |
| Divergent Boundary | Place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart |
| Transform Boundary | Place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past eachother |
| Hot Spot | unusually hot area in Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface |
| Epicenter | point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| Focus | point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath Earth's surface |
| Pangaea | ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200 mya |
| Geohazard | A geological state that can lead to severe damage, risk, and injury. |
| Reverse Fault | Form as a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezes rock and creates a shortening of the crust |
| Strike-Slip Fault | caused by horizontal shear |
| Normal Fault | partly horizontal and partly vertical |
| Compression | stress that decreases the volume of a material |
| Tension | Stress that pulls a material apart |
| Shearing | stress the causes a material to twist |
| Felsic | A word that describes a group of light colored minerals |
| Mafic | A word that describes a group of dark colored minerals |
Created by:
danicabrandt0
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