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Unit 3 Vocab Eric
Plate Tectonics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Asthenosphere | Where convection is thought to occur below the lithosphere at the upper layer of the Mantle |
Subduction | When one tectonic plate slips beneath another |
Seafloor Spreading | Thought that during a cycle of of magma intrusion and spreading new ocean crusts are made at mid ocean ridges and destroyed at deep sea trenches. |
Mantle Convection | Slow moving motion of earth's mantle made by convection currents moving heat from inside the earth to the surface. |
Ridge Push | when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes a n oceanic plate down to subduction zone |
Slab Pull | the weight of the subducting plate pulls the lithosphere into a subduction zone |
Lava | cooled magma on Earth's surface |
Magma | molten rock inside the Earth |
Tectonic Plate | Made up of Earth's crust, they cover the surface of the Earth at their edges. |
Theory of continental drift | Theory that the continents were once one big supercontinent called Pangaea that split apart due to the plate tectonics |
Convergent boundary | Two tectonic plates moving towards each other causing treanchs, islands arcs and folded mountains. |
Divergent boundary | Two tectonic plates moving apart from each other typically at sea floor, forming mid-ocean ridges |
Transform boundary | Two tectonic plates sliding pass each other creating shallow faults and earthquakes |
Hot spot | Unusually hot spot in the mantle that causes the material to rise toward the surface |
Epicenter (in regards to earthquakes) | Point on the surface of the Earth that is directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
Focus (in regards to earthquakes) | Where earthquakes originate several kilometers below the Earth's surface. |
Pangaea | What is thought to be an ancient landmass where all the continents were stuck together. |
Geohazard | Geological dangers that may cause changes to the Earth's surface |
Reverse fault | Formed by vertical and horizontal compression, it causes a vertical movement upwards along a fault plane |
Strike-slip fault | Caused by horizontal shear that causes horizontal movement along a fault plane |
Normal fault | Its tension causes vertical movement downwards along a fault plane |
Compression | Stress that decreases the volume of a material |
Tension | Stress that pulls a material apart |
Shearing | Stress that causes a material to twist |
Felsic | Light colored igneous rock |
Mafic | Dark Colored igneous rock that are made of more lighter elements that are more buoyant |
Mantle convection | mineral that composes dark colored igneous rocks at higher temperatures |
Earthquake | The movement of Earth's crust produced by plate tectonics and the vibration of stress acting on the rocks |
volcano | formed at a convergent boundary when subduction occurs causing temperatures and pressures to rise causing the molten rock to rise above the plate. |