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Unit 3 Vocab Eric

Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Asthenosphere Where convection is thought to occur below the lithosphere at the upper layer of the Mantle
Subduction When one tectonic plate slips beneath another
Seafloor Spreading Thought that during a cycle of of magma intrusion and spreading new ocean crusts are made at mid ocean ridges and destroyed at deep sea trenches.
Mantle Convection Slow moving motion of earth's mantle made by convection currents moving heat from inside the earth to the surface.
Ridge Push when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes a n oceanic plate down to subduction zone
Slab Pull the weight of the subducting plate pulls the lithosphere into a subduction zone
Lava cooled magma on Earth's surface
Magma molten rock inside the Earth
Tectonic Plate Made up of Earth's crust, they cover the surface of the Earth at their edges.
Theory of continental drift Theory that the continents were once one big supercontinent called Pangaea that split apart due to the plate tectonics
Convergent boundary Two tectonic plates moving towards each other causing treanchs, islands arcs and folded mountains.
Divergent boundary Two tectonic plates moving apart from each other typically at sea floor, forming mid-ocean ridges
Transform boundary Two tectonic plates sliding pass each other creating shallow faults and earthquakes
Hot spot Unusually hot spot in the mantle that causes the material to rise toward the surface
Epicenter (in regards to earthquakes) Point on the surface of the Earth that is directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Focus (in regards to earthquakes) Where earthquakes originate several kilometers below the Earth's surface.
Pangaea What is thought to be an ancient landmass where all the continents were stuck together.
Geohazard Geological dangers that may cause changes to the Earth's surface
Reverse fault Formed by vertical and horizontal compression, it causes a vertical movement upwards along a fault plane
Strike-slip fault Caused by horizontal shear that causes horizontal movement along a fault plane
Normal fault Its tension causes vertical movement downwards along a fault plane
Compression Stress that decreases the volume of a material
Tension Stress that pulls a material apart
Shearing Stress that causes a material to twist
Felsic Light colored igneous rock
Mafic Dark Colored igneous rock that are made of more lighter elements that are more buoyant
Mantle convection mineral that composes dark colored igneous rocks at higher temperatures
Earthquake The movement of Earth's crust produced by plate tectonics and the vibration of stress acting on the rocks
volcano formed at a convergent boundary when subduction occurs causing temperatures and pressures to rise causing the molten rock to rise above the plate.
Created by: Eric Flores Juan
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