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Unit 3 Vocab -Justin
Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | - The upper layer of Earth's mantle which is thought to play a role in the movement of tectonic plates. Solid rock that is subject to deformation. |
| Subduction | - Process in which one tectonic plate slips under another tectonic plate. |
| Seafloor Spreading | - An hypothesis where new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and are destroyed at deep-sea trenches. Occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading. |
| Mantle Convection | -Currents within the mantle that cause plate movement. Consists of mantle material moving towards the top of the mantle due to the cores heat. Once it reaches the top, it's density increases due to the decreased temperature and begins to fall back down. |
| Ridge Push | -Process in which the oceanic plate is pushed down by the weight of the uplifted ridge toward the trench formed at the subduction zone. |
| Slab Pull | -Process in which the weight of a cool, dense subducting plate pulls the trailing slab into the subduction zone. |
| Lava | -Magma that flows onto Earth's surface. |
| Magma | -Molten rock formed beneath below Earth's surface. |
| Tectonic Plates | -Huge pieces of crust and rigid upper mantle that fit together at their edges to cover Earth's surface. |
| Theory of Continental Drift | -Proposed by geologist Alfred Wegener, the Theory of Continental Drift states that all land masses on Earth were together at some point, and that they drifted apart from each other. |
| Convergent Boundary | -Boundaries that are formed whenever tectonic plates move towards each other. |
| Divergent Boundary | -Boundaries that are formed whenever tectonic plates move away from each other. |
| Transform Boundary | -Boundaries that are formed whenever tectonic plates move horizontally past each other. |
| Hot Spot | -Unusually hot regions of Earth mantle where high-temperature plumes of magma rise to the surface or underwater. |
| Epicenter | -The epicenter is the point on Earth surface that is directly above the focus. Surface waves originate from this point and spread out. |
| Focus | -The focus is the point of failure where the waves of the earthquake originate. |
| Pangaea | -The name for the super continent in which all the land masses were joined together. |
| Geohazard | -Geo hazards are usually mass movements created by erosion, gravity, or weathering. May lead to widespread damage and risk. |
| Reverse Fault | -Reverse faults are a direct result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeeze rock and shortens the crust. Moves vertically downward. |
| Strike-Slip Fault | -A strike-slip fault is where shear causes crust to move horizontally along a fault plane. |
| Normal Fault | - A direct cause of a earthquake in which a fracture or system of fractures occurs along where earth moves. |
| Compression | -The type of stress that decreases the volume of a material. |
| Tension | -The type of stress that pulls a material apart. |
| Shearing | -The type of stress that causes a material to twist. |
| Felsic | -An igneous rock that is rich in feldspar and quartz. |
| Mafic | -An igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron. |
Created by:
justinl23
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