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Unit 3 Vocab Alex.H
Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | The layer above Earth's mantle |
| Subduction | Process by which one tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate. |
| Seafloor Spreading | The hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid ocean ridges and destroyed at deep sea trenches it occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading |
| Mantle convection | A driving mechanism of plate movements |
| Ridge push | Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone |
| Slab pull | Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone. |
| Lava | Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface |
| Magma | Slushy mix of molten rock and dissolved gases and mineral crystals |
| Tectonic Plate | Huge pieces of Earth's crust that cover its surface and fit together at their edges |
| Theory of Continental Drift | Pangaea, them drifting apart. |
| Convergent Boundary | Places where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other; is associated with trenches,island arcs and folded mountains |
| Divergent Boundary | Places where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart; is associated with volcanism, earthquakes, and high heat flow, and is found primarily on the seafloor |
| Transform Boundary | A region where two plates slide horizontally past each other |
| Hot Spot | Hot regions of Earth's mantle |
| Epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| Focus | Point of the initial fault rupture where a earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometer beneath Earth's surface |
| Pangaea | Ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200 mya |
| Geohazard | Natural disasters caused by Earth (landslides) |
| Reverse Fault | A fault due to horizontal and vertical compression that squeezes rock and creates a shortening of the crust |
| Strike-Slip Fault | A fault caused by horizontal shearing |
| Normal Fault | Standard value for a location,including rainfall, wind speed, and temperatures, based on meteorological records compiled for at least 30 years |
| Compression | Stress that decreases the volume of a material |
| Tension | Stress that pulls a material apart |
| Shearing | Stress that causes material to twist |
| Felsic | An igneous rock that is defined as a light colored rock |
| Mafic | An igneous rock that is defined as a dark colored rock |
Created by:
Alexanderh_
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