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Skyler, Unit 3 Vocab

Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Asthenosphere The layer above the earth's mantle, also found beneath the lithosphere.
Subduction When one tectonic plate goes under another tectonic plate.
Seafloor Spreading A hypothesis that states if the ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at the trenches underwater.
Mantle Convection Convection in the mantle that causes it to rise and sink.
Ridge Push Tectonic plates that are connected with convection currents and pushes an oceanic plate to a subduction zone.
Slab Pull Tectonic plates that are connected with convection currents that pulls oceanic plates from the subduction zone.
Lava Magma that is above earths surface.
Magma Molten rock below the earths surface.
Tectonic Plate A large piece of the earth that's edges fits together.
Theory of Continental Drift The theory by Wegener which was that all the plates were connected and formed a mass of land, but drifted apart.
Convergent Boundary Place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other.
Divergent Boundary Place where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
Transform Boundary Place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other.
Hot Spot Unusually hot area in earths mantle where high temperatures plumes of mantle material rise to the surface.
Epicenter Point on earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Focus Point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least seven kilometers beneath earths surface.
Pangaea Ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200mya.
Geohazard Geographic hazards such as landslides, mud flows, creeps and slumps that cause damage to people or property.
Reverse Faults Form as a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezes rock and creates a shortening of the crust.
Strike-slip Faults Shear causes horizontal movement along a fault plane.
Normal Fault Tension causes vertical movement downward along a fault plane.
Compression Causes material to shorten.
Tension Causes material to lengthen.
Shearing Causes distortion of a material.
Felsic Also known as granite rocks and are light colored, high silica and contains mostly quartz.
Mafic Also known as basaltic rocks and are dark colored, low silica and contain mostly plagioclase.
Created by: 23skylerg31
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