The upper layer of mantle of Earth's surface

Process by which one tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate

The hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches; occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading.

When the density of the mantle causes it to rise and sink

Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone

tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone.

Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface

Huge pieces of Earth's crust that cover it's surface and fit together at their edges.

Theory of continental drift

Wegener's hypothesis that Earth's continents were joined as a single landmass, called Pangaea, that broke apart 200 mya and slowly moved to their present positions

Place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other; is associated with trenches, islands arcs, and folded mountains,

Place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart

Place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other.

Unusually hot area in Earth's Mantle where high temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.

The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

The point of initial rupture of the earthquake

Ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart 200 mya

A hazard due to rocks or other loose materials.

Form as a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezes the rock and creates a shortening of the crust.

Shear causes horizontal movement along a fault plane

Tension causes vertical movement downward along a fault plane

Causes a distortion of a material

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Unit 3 Vocab- Deanna

Plate Tectonics

Term	Definition
Asthenosphere	The upper layer of mantle of Earth's surface
Subduction	Process by which one tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate
Sea Floor Spreading	The hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches; occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading.
Mantle Convection	When the density of the mantle causes it to rise and sink
Ridge Push	Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone
Slab Pull	tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone.
Lava	Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface
Magma	Molten rock
Tectonic Plate	Huge pieces of Earth's crust that cover it's surface and fit together at their edges.
Theory of continental drift	Wegener's hypothesis that Earth's continents were joined as a single landmass, called Pangaea, that broke apart 200 mya and slowly moved to their present positions
Convergent Boundary	Place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other; is associated with trenches, islands arcs, and folded mountains,
Divergent Boundary	Place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart
Transform Boundary	Place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other.
Hot spot	Unusually hot area in Earth's Mantle where high temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.
Epicenter	The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Focus	The point of initial rupture of the earthquake
Pangaea	Ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart 200 mya
Geohazard	A hazard due to rocks or other loose materials.
Reverse Fault	Form as a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezes the rock and creates a shortening of the crust.
Strike Slip Fault	Shear causes horizontal movement along a fault plane
Normal Fault	Tension causes vertical movement downward along a fault plane
Compression	Causes a material to shorten
Tension	Causes a material to lengthen
Shearing	Causes a distortion of a material
Felsic	Granite rocks
Mafic	Basaltic rocks

Created by: Deanna Killea

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