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Unit 3 Vocab Erika H

Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Asthenosphere Higher layer on the Earth's mantle, but still situated lower than the lithosphere.
Subduction Process where two tectonic plates collide the plate that is denser will descend below the less-dense plate.
Seafloor Spreading The theory that explains how new oceanic crust is formed at ocean ridges, slowly moved away from ocean ridges, and destroyed at deep-sea trenches.
Mantle Convection Convection currents in the mantle that are thought to be the main force of plate movements.
Ridge Push Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate towards a subsection zone.
Slab Pull Tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone.
Lava Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface.
Magma Molten rock beneath Earth's surface.
Tectonic Plate Huge pieces of Earth's crust that covers its surface and fit together at their edges.
Theory of Continental Drift Wegener's theory that Earth's continents were joined as a single landmass, called Pangaea, that broke apart about 200 million years ago and slowly moved to their present locations.
Convergent Boundary Place where two tectonic plates are moving towards each other; is associated with trenches, islands arcs, and folded mountains.
Divergent Boundary Place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart; is associated with volcanism, earthquakes, and high heat flow, and is primarily found on the seafloor.
Transform Boundary Place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other; is characterized by long faults and shallow earthquakes.
Hot Spot Unusually hot area in Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.
Epicenter Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Focus Point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates .
Pangaea Ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200 million years ago.
Geohazard Geological/environmental state that can lead to large amounts of varying damage to the environmental.
Reversal Fault Compression causes vertical movement along a fault plane.
Strike-Slip Fault Shear causes horizontal movement along a fault plane.
Normal Fault Tension causes vertical movement downward along a fault plane.
Compression Stress that decreases the volume of a material.
Tension Stress that pulls a material apart.
Shearing Stress that causes material to twist.
Felsic Granite rocks that are light-colored.
Mafic Basaltic rocks that are dark-colored.
Created by: erikah0602
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