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105 Pharmacology
10 Drugs in Ambulance
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 10 Medications | O2, Oral Glucose, Aspiring, Nitroglycerin, Epinephrine Auto, Epinephrine Syringe, Albuterol Inhaler, Albuterol Nebulizer, Activated Charcoal, Naloxone |
| DICAASM | Dosage, Indications, Contraindications, Administration, Action, Side Effect, Medical Direction? |
| O2 Dosage | Nasal Canula 2-6 L/min, Non-rebreather mask 12-15 L/Min, BVM with reservoir 15L/min |
| O2 Indications | hypoxia, suspected hypoxia |
| O2 Contraindications | OSat above 99%, Possible combustion in unsafe environment, No significant respiratory depression in COPD |
| O2 Administration | Inhalation, Ventilation |
| O2 Actions | *Reverses Hypoxia * Increases arterial oxygen *Increases hemoglobin saturation *Increases tissue oxygenation |
| O2 Side Effects | Rare respiratory depression, dry oxygen can irritate mucus membranes |
| O2 Medical Direction? | No. Administer Med |
| Oral Glucose Dosage | One tube (15gm-30gm carbohydrates) |
| Oral Glucose Indications | * Patients with altered mental status * History of Diabetes Mellitus |
| Oral Glucose Contraindications | *Unconsciousness * Known Diabetic * Not taken insulin for days *Unable to swallow |
| Oral Glucose Administration | *Place an on-tongue depressor between cheek and gum, *or patient self-administer between cheek and gum |
| Oral Glucose Actions | Increases Blood Sugar |
| Oral Glucose Side Affects | *None when given properly *May be aspirated by the patient without a gag reflex |
| Oral Glucose Medical Direction? | No. Administer Med |
| Asprin Dosage | 162-324mg or (325mg Adult ASA) (2 to 4 - 81mg chewable tablets) |
| Asprin Indications | *Chest Pain * Not already taking clotting prevention meds * Able to swallow w/o endangering airway |
| Asprin Contraindications | *Allergic to Asprin * History of asthma * GI ulcer or bleeding disorder *Patient unable to swallow |
| Asprin Administration | chew + swallow tablets |
| Asprin Actions | prevents blood from clotting as quickly |
| Asprin Side Effects | Nausea, Bleeding, Vomiting, Heartburn, If allergic/bronchospasm, wheezing |
| Asprin Medical Direction? | OR standing order permits admin, Administer Med, YES to Test |
| Nitroglycerin (prescription required) Dosage | 0.4mg tablet or 0.4mg spray, up to 3 doses |
| Nitroglycerin Indications | Patient has: chest pains, history of cardiac problems, prescription for nitroglycerin |
| Nitroglycerin Contraindications | Hypotension (systolic < 90), ED meds withing 24-48hrs, Head Injury, Already taken maximum dosage |
| Nitroglycerin Administration | Sublingual, (dissolve under tongue w/o chewing) |
| Nitroglycerin Actions | Dilates Blood Vessels, Decreases workload on the heart |
| Nitroglycerin Side Effects | *Hypotension - Pulse rate changes * Burning sensation under tongue |
| Nitroglycerin Medical Direction? | OR standing order permits ASSIST with med, YES to TEST |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector (prescription required) Dosage | Adult: 0.3mg Child: 0.15mg |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector Indications | *Experiencing severe allergic reaction *Medication prescribed * Medical Direction |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector Contraindications | No contraindications when using in a life-threatening situation |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector Administration | Intramuscular (IM) Thigh from auto-injector |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector Actions | Dilates Bronchioles, Constricts blood vessels |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector Side Effects | Vomiting, Pallor, Dizziness, Chest Pain, Increased HR, Nausea, Headache, Excitability, Anxiety |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector Medical Direction? | OR allows, Administer Med, YES to TEST |
| Albuterol Inhaler (Prescription Required) Dosage | 90-180mcg for ALL, (1-2 puffs) prescribed inhalations |
| Albuterol Inhaler Indications | respiratory emergency - patient has inhaler - medical direction |
| Albuterol Inhaler Contraindications | patient unable to take, medicine not prescribed, patient already taken max dose |
| Albuterol Inhaler Administration | inhaled by hand-held meter-dosed inhaler with/w.o spacer |
| Albuterol Inhaler Actions | Dilates air passages for easier breathing |
| Albuterol Inhaler Side-Effects | Increase HR, jitteriness, nervousness |
| Albuterol Inhaler Medical Direction? | OR standing order allows administration, YES to TEST |
| Albuterol Nebulizer (prescription required) Dosage | 2.5mg, 3.0mL Saline administered in Nebulizer |
| Albuterol Nebulizer Indications | - Pt has bronchial asthma or COPD - Pt doesn't have inhaler - Medical Direction |
| Albuterol Nebulizer Contraindications | unable to take, not prescribed, already max dosage |
| Albuterol Nebulizer Administration | inhaled, breaths normally through nebulizer |
| Albuterol Nebulizer Actions | Dilates air passages for easier breathing |
| Albuterol Nebulizer Side-Effects | Increased HR, jitteriness, nervousness |
| Albuterol Nebulizer Medical Direction? | OR standing order allows administration, YES for TEST |
| Epinephrine SI Dosage | Adults: 0.3 mg Children: 0.15 mg |
| Epinephrine SI Indications | Experiencing severe allergic reaction - medical direction |
| Epinephrine SI Contraindications | None when using in life-threatening situations |
| Epinephrine SI Administration | IM, 1cc syringe, 1 inch safety, 23gauge |
| Epinephrine SI | Dilates Bronchioles, Constricts Blood Vessels |
| Epinephrine SI Side-Effects | Headache, Dizziness, vomiting, pallor, chest pain, HR, nausea, Excitibility, Anxiety, |
| Epinephrine SI Medical Direction? | Oregon allows administration, YES to TEST |
| Activated Charcoal Dose | Adult 25-50g Child 12.5-25g (1g/kg of patient body weight) |
| Activated Charcoal Indications | poisoning by mouth |
| Activated Charcoal Contraindications | altered mental status, ingested acids/alkalis, cant swallow |
| Activated Charcoal Administration | oral |
| Activated Charcoal Actions | Binds to certain poisons and prevents them from being absorbed |
| Activated Charcoal Side-Effects | black stool, may vomit, if so repeat dose |
| Activated Charcoal Medical Direction? | Oregon Standing Order allows Administer Med, YES for TEST |
Created by:
jon.kowalski
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