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Core Neuroanatomy Ob
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| afferent (sensory) | somatosensation - sensory experiences with skin, bones/muscles (touch, pain, temperature), special senses (vision, hearing, smell, taste, vestibular sense), visceral sensation |
| efferent (motor) | instructions to targets outside CNS, to SKELETAL muscle, voluntary, reflex automatic and outside cortical control, this is GSE smooth muscle cardiac muscle and glands are in autonomic nervous system, reflex, GVE |
| primary afferent | SENSORY neuron (axons or nerve fibers), brings info (AP) from PNS to CNS, cell body in sensory ganglion, all cell parts ipsilateral, always excitatory, transduce information about mechanical, thermal, & chemical states of body |
| divergence (parallel processing) in sensory systems | having some neuron branch and go in different locations for different purposes |
| lower motor neuron (LMN) | axon caries information (AP) from CNS to skeletal muscle (NMJ), cell body inside CNS, all parts ipsilateral, always excitatory (ACh), voluntary and reflex movement via LMN |
| upper motor neuron (UMN) | cell body in brain, influences LMN, voluntary AND reflex movements via UMN |
| role of reflex arc | neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons don't pass directly to brain, but synapse in spinal cord. This allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal MN without delay of routing signals through brain |
| voluntary movement | cortical, contralateral cortex influences voluntary movement |
| reflex movement | outside of cortical involvement and stereotypical response to given sensory input |
| paralysis | absence of voluntary movement |
| neuromuscular junction | specialized synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle, excitatory and cholinergic (ACh is the neurotransmitter), sometimes called myoneural junction |
| paresis | weakness of VOLUNTARY movement |
| what does the CNS do | process SENSORY info, issue MOTOR commands, coordinate HOMEOSTASIS, "higher processes" |
| sensory functions | info to drive REFLEXES, conscious perception, emotional valence (not all stimuli pleasant), feedback for motor coordination |
| divergence | having some neuron branch and go in different locations for different purposes (reflex and conscious responces) |
| conscious processing of somatosensory input | contralateral to source of input |
| anesthesia | lack of any conscious sensation |
| analgesia | lack of conscious pain sensation |
| why CONSCIOUS? | you prevent pain at the conscious level, but not in the pain pathways |
| vast majority of reflexes | have at least one interferon, must draw 3 |
Created by:
eew888
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