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Communicat in NS Obj
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| components of synapse | The presynaptic ending that contains neurotransmitters. The synaptic cleft between the two nerve cells. The postsynaptic ending that contains receptor sites. |
| neuromuscular junction | NMJ, chemical synapse formed by contact between motor neuron and skeletal muscle (voluntary). Acetylcholine (ACh) is rebased by neuron to the motor muscle. Effect is depolarizing - becomes excitatory with ACh |
| excitation | less negative, more positive. May promote release of chemical signal (neurotransmitter) |
| inhibition | more negative |
| calcium ions | engages synaptic channels and admits Ca2+ |
| 6 steps of the release of neurotransmitter | action potential arrives, calcium ion channels open and admit Ca2+, synaptic vesicles fuse to presynaptic membrane, neurotransmitters bind to post synaptic receptors, post synaptic change ions flow through, and termination of signal (turn off synapse) |
| disinhibition | presence of negatively charged neuron (inhibitory) makes next neuron less negatively charged (inhibitory), which makes the next neuron excitatory. One neuron inhibits the inhibition of another neuron resulting in activation/facilitation |
| acetylcholine (ACh) | "cholinergic", motor & autonomic neurons, in cerebrum & associated with mental alertness & learning (etc.), multiple receptor types (excitatory or inhibitory), nicotinic receptor (nAChR) always + & muscarinic receptor (mAChR) g protein linked either +/- |
| dopamine | "catecholamine," effects by 2nd messenger, small brainstem uncle with widespread connections, motor functions (basal nuclei), D1 (excitatory) and D2 (inhibitory) receptors |
| GABA | main INHIBITORY NT of brain, in spinal cord, main inhibitory NT is glycine |
| Glutamate | main EXCITATORY NT of CNS, many receptor types, ion channels AMPA (fast response, Na) and NMDA (calcium conductance, 2nd messengers, long term ) |
| norepinephrine | "catecholamine and adrenergic," 2nd messenger effects, ANS & small brainstem nuclei with widespread connections |
| serotonin | small brainstem nuclei with widespread connections, mood and alertness |
| neuropeptide transmitters | small portions, more than 50 identified, many are also hormones elsewhere, all core leased with aminergic NTs, act by 2nd messengers, "neuromodulatory" |
| neurons are | polarized |
| membrane potential | more negative inside cell than out |
| neurons communicate by | changes in membrane potential |
| excitation | less neg/ more positive, promotes release fo neurotransmitter (chemical signal) |
| synapse | where neurons communicate, mostly unidirectional |
| 1st sending neuron | presynaptic neuron |
| 2nd receiving neuron | postsynaptic neuron |
| inhibition | more negative, less likely to produce signal |
| termination of signal | diffusion (not as important), degradation (breaks down ACh in post synaptic), uptake with presynaptic membrane (reuse/repackage) glia (scavange), and in postsynaptic membrane |
| postsynaptic response | determined by POSTYNAPTIC receptor, about the LOCK, not key, fast response is ligand-gated ion channels (changes polarity, slow response with 2nd messengers, ) |
| summation | all activity determine behavior of neuron - excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory |
Created by:
eew888
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