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Overview of CNS Obje
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neuron | basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells |
| CNS vs PNS | brain and spinal cord VS nerves and ganglia |
| grey matter | collection of neuronal cell bodies, dense in neuronal cell bodies |
| white matter | bundles of axons (has myelin on them) |
| spinal cord | grey matter in CNS, collection of neuronal cell bodies |
| Cortices (s. cortex) | cerebrum or cerebellum |
| nucleus | cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem |
| tract | white matter in CNS |
| nerve | white matter in PNS |
| ganglia (ganglion) | a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber. |
| superior VS inferior | at a higher position, towards the head VS at a lower position, towards the tail |
| anterior VS posterior | on the front side VS on the back side |
| rostral | anterior when referring to the cerebrum |
| medial | towards the body midline |
| median | on the midline |
| lateral | toward he side |
| ipsilateral | on the same side |
| contralateral | on the opposite side |
| bilateral | on both sides |
| dorsal | superior when referring to the cerebrum |
| ventral | anterior when referring to spinal cord and brainstem |
| coronal | anterior and posterior sections |
| horizontal | superior and inferior |
| sagittal | right and left sides |
| midsagittal/median | right and left side down the middle |
| transverse | superior and inferior |
| afferent | sensory - receives info and taken to brain |
| efferent | motor (voluntary and autonomic), brain down CNS to PNS |
| somatic | relating to body, skin and muscle |
| visceral | guts (heart, lungs, glands) |
| somatic afferent | touch, pain, body position sense, vision, hearing |
| somatic efferent | voluntary movement (striated muscle) |
| visceral afferents | sensation from guts, also smell and taste |
| visceral efforts | autonomic functions like heart, intestines, glands, etc. |
| pseudo-unipolar (neuron) | one extension from cell body. Contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch travels to the peripheral nervous system and the other to the central nervous system. Starts unipolar and later fuses. Somatosensory neurons & sensory ganglia |
| bipolar (neuron) | two extensions, one axon one dendrite, special senses |
| multipolar (neuron) | vast majority of neurons in the body, single axon with many dendrites |
| pyramidal (neuron) | cortical neurons, large cell body, projection neurons, looks like a pyramid |
| projection neurons | axon goes from neuronal cell body in CNS to one or more distant regions of CNS |
| stellate (neuron) | In spinal cord or brain, local connections, don't need big cell body, star shaped, interneurons with local connections. Granule cells found in granular layer of cerebellum, hippocampus, superficial dorsal cochlear nucleus, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex |
| astrocytes (glia) | helps neurons. ONLY found in CNS. Custodial staff of the CNS. (Pick up excess NT, electrical insulator, remove k+, phagocytosis, release glucose and trophic substances) |
| oligodendrocytes (glia) | found in CNS, support and myelination of multiple axons |
| schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) (glia) | found in PNS, produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons |
| receptive zone | soma and dendrites |
| soma | neuron cell body that contains the nucleus |
| dendrites | a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. |
| conducting zone | consists of the axon, which sends outgoing information away from the cell body |
| axon | portion of a nerve cell (neuron) that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body, may be militated to help transfer info faster |
| telodendrion | end branches of the axon |
Created by:
eew888
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