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Cell cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cytokinesis | Complete separation of the 2 new cells resulting from mitosis. Cytoplasm divides |
| mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
| chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| chromosome | long, continuous thread of DNA that contains many genes. |
| centromere | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| cell cycle | An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell; process of growth and division. |
| G1 phase (growth 1) | interphase stage of cell cycle where cell grows, organelles are copied, and DNA is checked for damage from the environment. |
| G2 phase (growth 2) | interphase stage. DNA is checked to see if it was copied correctly. Some cell growth happens |
| S phase (synthesis) | interphase stage of cell cycle where cell replicates DNA... DNA is copied in the nucleus |
| Interphase | Majority of cell cycle is in this stage, preparing to devide |
| Checkpoints | stop to the cell cycle to check for damage or errors in the DNA. |
| Cancer | Cells skip checkpoints and divide uncontrollably |
| Chromosome | Condensed DNA. Contains genetic information (genes). |
| final stage of the cell cycle, cells divide and move apart | cytokinesis |
| Centromere | central part of chromosome, joining the two sister chromatids |
| Spindle fiber | emerge from centrioles, attach to chromosomes to pull them apart during mitosis |
| Purpose of mitosis | divides cells that are too large, replaces damaged/dying cells, allows for growth. Makes copies of the original cell |
| sister chromatids | identical copies of DNA joined together at a centromere to form a duplicated chromosome |
| parent cell | original cell before cell division |
| daughter cell | exact copy of the original cell following cell division |
| 12 hours | Typical amount of time that Synthesis, G2, and Mitosis stage for human cells. (G1 stage is different depending on cell type and age of individual) |
| DNA replication | The process in which DNA copies itself of itself. |
| steps of mitosis | nuclear envelope dissolves |
| nuclear envelope/membrane | surrounds the nucleus, controls what enters nucleus |
| Tumor | mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue. may or may not be cancerous |
Created by:
ssingewald
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