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SLS Bio 12 DS- GN
SLS Bio 12 Digestive System - GN
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | the process of intaking certain nutrients from sustenance |
| Anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that does not require any oxygen to survive and grow. |
| Anus | The opening at the end of digestive track and last part of the large intestine. |
| Appendix | the appendix aids in immune function and is located at one of the ends of the large intestine. |
| Bile | a fluid that aids in the digestion if lipids in the small intestine by mechanically emulsifying it. this bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. |
| Capillary | branching blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body |
| Cardiac Sphincter | at the end of the esophagus that determines when food enters the stomach by contracting and loosening. it is called the cardiac sphincter because it is near the heart. |
| Chemical Digestion | reactions that split up molecules, catalyzed by enzymes, so that their nutrients can be absorbed. |
| Digestive Enzymes | enzymes that catalyze reactions to split up food so they can be easily digested. |
| Digestive Tract | the tract that enters the mouth and leaves the anus involving all the organs in between. |
| Duodenum | the first and shortest part of the small intestine. prepares food for the digestion further in in the small intestine. |
| Emulsification | the act of chewing your food until it turns into a mush (bolus). this creates more surface area thus making the food more easy to be consumed and absorbed. |
| Epiglottis | a flap in the throat that prevent food from going down the windpipe while swallowing |
| Esophagus | a long muscular tube that food is transported through to get to the stomach. it is very flexible and can mechanically move food down through contractions. |
| Gall Bladder | where bile is stored. |
| Gastric Juice | a juice that is produced by the gastric glands. it contains enzymes to break up proteins (pepsin), HCL, and mucus to protect the stomach against a low pH |
| Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) | an acidic liquid used for corroding (breaking up) food. |
| Insulin | hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by letting cells absorb sugar away from the blood |
| Intestinal Juice | a liquid secreted in the small intestine that contains enzymes (lipase, pancreatic amylase, and lactase) and mucus. produced by the pancreas. |
| Lacteals | lymphatic capillaries found in the microvillus that absorb lipids. |
| Large Intestine (colon) | the last organ in the digestive track that absorbs water, salt, and vitamins (A, K, B12, )then secretes the rest. |
| Lipase | the enzyme that digests lipids. turns them from fat droplets into fatty acids and glycerides. found in gastric juices (stomach), pancreatic juice (small intestine), intestinal juices, small intestine. |
| Liver | biggest organ in the body. functions like detoxifying blood, creating blood plasma, managing blood cholesterol levels, creating urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, stores iron & vitamins, stores glucose as glycogen, removes bilirubin, and produces bile |
| Maltase | enzyme that breaks down maltose. with hydrolysis it produces to glucose molecules. can be found in the small intestine & mouth. |
| Microvillus | bumps located on the small intestine that contain capillaries, and lymphatic capillaries. They are there to produce the surface area and to absorb the nutrients. |
| Nuclease | enzyme that breaks down DNA & RNA into nucleotides using hydrolysis |
| Pancreas | produces pancreatic juice & has exocrine/endocrine functions. endocrine function makes insulin & exocrine produces glucagon (hormone that increases blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen) |
| Pancreatic Amylase | enzyme made in pancreas that breaks down starch (amylose). |
| Pancreatic Juice | aids in protecting against pathogens in the large intestine. produced by the pancreas |
| pepsin | enzyme that breaks down proteins. is found in the stomach. |
| Pepsinogen | is the inactive version of pepsin. gets turned into pepsin when an acidic environment is increased in the stomach due to hydrochloric acid |
| Peptidase | enzyme that breaks down peptides into amino acids. found in the stomach. |
| Peristalsis | the mechanical movement that your through does to push food down your esophagus. |
| pH | the measurement of acidity or alkalinity in a solution. |
| Pharynx | the passage that air and food pass through. |
| Physical Digestion | the mechanical process of breaking down food like chewing or stomach churning |
| Protease | breaks down protein while also helping blood clotting & cell division |
| Pyloric Sphincter | the sphincter that releases chyme into the small intestine from the stomach when it opens |
| Rectum | area where indigestible material is stored and bacteria digest it to get vitamins. when body is done with it, it is released out the anus |
| Salivary Amylase | enzyme that digests starch (amylose) into maltose. found in salivary juice, produced in the salivary glands. |
| Salivary Gland | releases gastric juice to break down food |
| Salivary Juice/Saliva | released by the salivary gland. contains enzymes that diffuse starch and aid in lubricating the tract. |
| Small Intestine | a tract that is segmented into 3 parts that absorbs nutrients and fight of antigens. absorbs nutrients from the chyme |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | found in pancreatic juice & functions as a buffer in the small intestine to neutralize chyme. |
| Stomach | Organ that breaks down food particles chemically and mechanically |
| Swallowing | the reflex that occurs when intaking a bolus. closes the epiglottis so that no food get in your wind pipe. |
| Trypsin | enzyme that breaks apart protein into peptides. produced by pancreas, found in the small intestine |
| Villus | bumps on small intestine that absorb nutrients. |
Created by:
Graeme.N
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