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Peds
Pediatrics/GI/Burns RN EOP for NCLEX
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sydenham chorea | is a rare neurological disorder characterized by sudden onset chorea, usually in childhood. Chorea is defined as random-appearing, continuous (while awake), involuntary movements which can affect the entire body. This often includes the face and tongue. |
| Pyloric Stenosis | Gastric outlet to sm intestine obstructed/thickened s/s Metabolic Alkalosis , projectile vomit, dehydration, growth failure tx pyloromyotomy |
| Rheumatic Fever | Complication fm Scarlett fever or Strep throat immune attacks tissues/ heart valves tx NSAID, PCN, Rest |
| MCNS | Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome Lg protein lost in urine s/s edema, albuminuria, cholesterolemia, eye edema 2-7 yr olds low sodium, albumin, corticoid |
| Hypoplastic L heart Cyanosis | under development left side heart Cyanotic, HF, ↓ Cardiac Output, cardiovascular collapse tx LG ASD shunt or heart transplant |
| Cyanotic Heart Defects | ↓ Pulm Blood Flow Tetralogy of Fallot Tricupsid Atresia Transposition Truncus Arteriosus Hypoplastic Left heart |
| Acyanotic Heart Defects | ↑ Pulm Blood Flow ASD, VSD, PDA, AVC Coarctation Aorta Aortic Stenosis Pulm Stenosis |
| Transposition of Great Arteries | no flow between systemic and pulm circulation tx prostaglandin e & arterial switch septotomy |
| Tricupsid Atresia | tricupsid valve fails to develop prostaglandin e to keep PDA open tx arterial septotomy |
| Coartation of Aorta | Narrowing of Aorta High bp, weak femoral, cool extremities, acyanotic |
| PDA | Open ductus arteriosus after 2 days birth between aortic and pulm artery- acyanotic IV indomethacin and surgery |
| Acute Glomerulonephritis | Triggered by SLE and Strep s/s facial edema, hematuria, pleurisy, htn, acites diet- low protein low salt low K, fluid restriction |
| Croup | Barky cough, viral, acute phase at night tx moisture, steroids, bronchodialators |
| Bronchiolitis | Inflammation of bronchioles from RSV fluids, albuterol treatments |
| RSV | Respiratory Syncytial Virus hyperinflation, atelectasis, Elisa positive common in preemies |
| Epiglottis | drooling, cyanotic, resp emergency |
| Kawasaki Disease | inflammation of blood vessels, fever, rash, pink eye, strawberry tongue tx asprin, immunoglobulin |
| Sickle Cell | RBCs obstruct blood flow causing pain fatigue blood transfusions common in black ppl |
| Thalassemia | ↓ hemoglobin, auto-somal, mediteranians |
| Most common osteo sarcoma | femur |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Disease of exocrine glands abnormal mucous Parent carrier Sweat test s/s frothy fatty stools, lung infections tx CPT, vitamins, pancreatic enzymes |
| TB | Myco-bacterium, droplet precaution INH, Rifampin, "myeins" 6-18 months |
| Imperforate Anus | No anus at birth |
| APSGN | Acute Post Step Glomerulonephritis kidney inflammation 2-3 weeks post strep |
| Wilms Tumor | Kidney tumor, do not palpate abdominal, abdominal mass 3-4 yr olds |
| Diagnostic Respiratory | Chest xray C & S ELISA Otoscopic Sweat Test CBC PFT |
| Laryngeal Cancer | Common in smoking, chewing tobacco, alcohol |
| Cleft Palate | Surgery 10-12 months old Special nipple, sm freq feedings, post op supine w/restraints |
| Tetralogy of fallot | Cyanotic VSD, pulmonic stenosis, over riding aorta, RV hypertrophy Tet spells/squatting toddler |
| Polycythemia | ↑ in red blood cells |
| Asthma | Narrowing/Spasms bronchi Chronic non productive cough wheezing Triggers virus, allergans staus asthmaticus- epi pen/resp emergency |
| Hemophilia | Clotting disorder- no sports-swelling in joints- clotting factor and plasma |
| Leukemia | Blood cancer s/s Bone pain, swollen lymph, freq infections tx bone marrow, stem cell transplant, chemo |
| Hodgkins | Cancer of lymphatic- swollen non painful nodes clavicle, fever, fatigue chemo & radiation |
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | H-pylori, alcohol, smoking, nsaids tx Bactrim, Amox, PPI |
| TEF | Tracheoesophageal Fistula s/s choking, salivating, infant water test complication: pneumonia, choking |
| Hirschsprung Disease | No nerves in lg intenstines s/s no stool >48hrs newborn swollen belly, vomiting tx: Bowel resection |
| Esophageal Atresia | esophagus doesn't connect to stomach tx gastrostomy for peg tube |
| Intussusception | Intestines telescopes into another part of intestines s/s Jelly currant stools, abd pain, knee to chest, bile vomit tx ng, enema, sx |
| Appendicitis | navel pain radiates to R lower abd , fever, n/v NPO, appendectomy, antibiotics rupture sudden pain relief |
| Object Permanence | Peek a boo piajet, knowing an object is out of sight bt still exists |
| Most appropriate vaccine for adolescent | Meningococcal Polysaccharide |
| Pre school Play | Focuses on imitation of adults |
| Age child starts scribbling | 18 mo |
| Preparing toddler for surgery | Read books that explain hospitalization in age appropriate manner |
| School age child 6yr old | Tonsils that touch Freckles Teeth start shedding |
| Babinksi reflex | dissapears 1 year of age |
| Car seat rear facing | until 1 year |
| 4 year old perception of death | its punishment same as going to sleep magical thinking |
| 2 1/2 year old | 20 teeth, birth weight quadrupled, pot bellied, bow legged |
| Obtain urine specimen of child who isnt potty trained | pediatric urine collector |
| Communated Fx | break or splinter 2 or more fragments shatters |
| Compound Fx | Breaks skin |
| Complicated Fx | organ or major vessel damage |
| Bryants traction | Both legs suspended |
| Traction Care | Assess for tightness, weakness, or contractures |
| Simple fx | Doesn't break skin |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of intestinal pouch abd pain, diahrrea rest, low fiber diet clears, PCN |
| Chrons | Auto immune attacks GI abd pain, bloody stools, anemia, low albumin and h & h immunosuppresants, corticoids, sx |
| Ulcerative colitis diet | High Protein Low Protein Sulfasalazine Corticoids and nicotene |
| Rule of 9s | Head 9% Arm 9% Leg 18% Trunk 36% Perineum 1% (if part half burned then divide in half for right percent) |
| Measles (Rubeola) | MMR 8-12 days incubation, contagious 2 days after rash s/s rash face trunk extremities, Koplik spots, conjunctivitis, fever, coryza inflammation of nasal vit A decreases mortality |
| Osteoarthritis | Wear and tear, eberton nodes, increased c reactive |
| Age appropriate toys | infant- bright colors, large 2-3- push pull balls 3-4 imaginative play 4-5 real life play, puppets, imitate adults 5-10 structured games, group play 10+ crafts, videos, computer, sports |
| Adolescence theory | Piaget- formal operations- abstract reasoning Erikson- identity vs role confusion Freud- genital Kohlberg- post conventional/principle social contract |
| School age theory | Piaget- concrete operations- inductive reasoning and beginning logic 6-12 Erickson- industry vs inferiority Freud- Latency, good boy/girl, law and order Kohlberg- Conventional Level |
| Early childhood/preschool theory | Piaget- preoperational thought, intuitive phase, 3-6 Erickson- initiative vs guilt Freud- phallic |
| Toddler Theory | Piaget- preoperational thought, preconventional phase 1-3 Erickson- Autonomy vs shame/doubt |
| Infant theory | Piaget- sensorimotor birth -2 1 year triples weight 5 month doubles erickson- trust vs mistrust |
| Prostate/testicular cancer | Increased PSA, decrease urine flow, one testicle larger Self exam done in warm area, monthly prstectomy, orchectomy, bladder irrigation |
| TURP | Trans-urethral Resection of Prostate for BPH tx anti-cholinergics, cont bladder irrigation, hyponatremia, hypovolemia |
| Glaucoma | pressure within eye s/s slow vision loss, eye pain tx beta blocker, trabeculoplasty, eye drops |
| Seizures | Both hemispheres- generalized Lose Consciousness aka Tonic Clonic or Grand Mal Epileptic- Unpredictable Phenytoin can't be taken with dairy |
| During/Post Seizure | During: time and record, loosen clothing, remove glasses and hard objects, turn child to side, pillow under head, padded bed rails Post-ictal- time and record, breathing/airway, swallow test prior to diet, inspect for injuries- |
| Brain Stem injury | Deep, rapid, irregular resp, fluctuations in bp/pulse, pupils dilated and fixed |
| Myleomeningocele | s/s sac like meninges-spinal fluid, hydrocephalus, neurogenic bladder, latex allergy Sx within 24hr, nurse prone or side lying |
| Cerebral Palsy | Hypertonicity, poor control posture/balance, wheel chair bound, short life span Tx Baclofen, intrathecal (admin via spinal canal), physical therapy |
| ICP/Hydrocephalus | Bulging fontanel up to 1yr, change loc, seperated sutures, dilated scalp veins, diplopia, irratability Mannitol, ventriculoperitoneal shunt |
| Congenital Hip Dysplasia | birth defect dislocation femur- gluteal folds and ortalani click test assoc w/club foot spika cast or pavlik harness |
| Varicella | VZIG vaccine and acyclovir 14-21 day incubation, contagious 5 days before the rash, droplet until vesicles dried s/s fever, rash w/vesicles, malaise, toxic shock |
| Post Traumatic Meningitis in children | Increasing drowsiness, fever, basilar skull fracture |
| Pancreatitis | inflammation infection of the pancreas alcohol, gal stones upper abdominal pain, n/v NPO advance to low fat IV fluids, NG, pain mgt, ppi's, insulin regulation |
| Whooping Cough Pertussis | Erythromyacin Contagious 1 week post exposure Most contagious during cough s/s runny nose, whooping cough, vomitting |
| DTAP | DTAP injection Diptheria 2-7 day incubation, contagious 2-4 weeks s/s Rhinorea w/halitosis, stridor, bluish white lesions tonsils IV Anti-toxin & PCN |
| Roseola | High persistent fever 3-4 days, then rash trunk-neck-face, cough, seizure tx no vaccine, antiviral medication ganciclovir |
| Erythremia infectiosum aka Fifth Disease | HPV no vaccine for infants Rash - slapped face rash dissapears 1-4 days red maculopapular to trunk |
| Polio | 7-10 days incubation, Vaccine Neurosystem mild to severe resp paralysis No cure |
| Lead poisoning | >45g/dl chelation therapy |
| Fontanels | Anterior closes 12-18 months Posterior closes 6-8 weeks |
| Scarlet Fever | No Vaccine- PCN Strawberry tongue, toes and fingers peel, sore throat, high fever, rash Caused by GABHS |
| MS | Immune system attacks healthy nerves s/s vision loss, pain, tremors, muscle spasms and contractures, muscle wasting Immunosuppressants, steroids, muscle relaxers |
| CO poisoning | s/s headache, n/v, confusion, dizziness, sob tx pure Hyperbaric O2 therapy |
| Burn Degrees | 1st- superficial partial thickness epidermis and part of dermis 2nd- Deep partial thickness epidermis and dermis 3rd- Full thickness epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat tissue 4th- All tissues including muscle+ |
| Assessment Parameters for Fluid Resuscitation | Urine 30-50ml/hr Sytolic 90-100 Clear Lungs HR >100 Resp 16-20 |
| Emergent Phase | From burn injury can last 5 days hypovolemia, 3rd spacing Focus: Burn shock & Fluid replacement, ABCs, tetanus, antibiotic prophylaxis, avoid shock, dysrhythmias, airway obstruction, gangrene, ATN |
| Acute phase | focus on skin care and infection prevention debriedment 2-3 times day skin grafts hydrotherapy and Antibiotic |
| Rehab phase | Burn Wounds healed teaching, accomplish functions, body dysmorphic, joint contractures |
| Skin grafts | Auto graft- patients own body Homograft or Allografts- cadaver Heterografts or xeno- animal |
| Curling's Ulcer | acute gastric erosion fm severe burns tx enteral feedings, ppis/antacids |
| Diet for Burn Patients | High Protein |
| Parkland Formula | Lactated Ringers- 4ml/Kg/% burned Infusion rate: 1/2 first 8hrs 1/4 second 8hrs 1/4 3rd 8hrs |
Created by:
matthew0116
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