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chapter 6 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| somatic cells | any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells |
| gametes | a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote |
| homologous chromosomes | Homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci |
| autosomes | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
| sex chromosomes | control the development of sexual characteristics |
| sexual reproduction | the fusion of two gametes that result in offspring |
| fertilization | the fusion of haploid gametes, egg and sperm, to form the diploid zygote |
| diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
| haploid | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
| gametogenesis | the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes. |
| sperm | Sperm is the male reproductive cell |
| egg | the female gamete |
| polar body | each of the small cells which bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova. |
| trait | a genetically determined characteristic. |
| genetics | the genetic properties or features of an organism, characteristic, etc. |
| purebred | an animal bred from parents of the same breed or variety. |
| cross | The deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent |
| law of segregation | states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization |
| gene | a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
| allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| homozygous | a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| genome | the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism. |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| dominant | a dominant trait or gene. |
| recessive | a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene |
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hamilkod8482