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bio 6.1-6.4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Somatic cells | body cells/make up most of your tissues and organs |
Gametes | sex cells/ eggs and sperm |
homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes-one from mom and one from dad- that are the same size and general appearance |
autosomes | 1-22/ contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
sex chromosomes | control the sexual characteristics |
fertilization | the fusing of the egg and sperm producing a zygote |
diploid | two copies of each chromosome |
haploid | one copy of each chromosome |
meiosis | creates haploid sex cells from diploid germ cells |
gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
sperm cell | the male gamete |
egg | the female gamete |
polar bodies | cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down |
traits | distinguishing characteristics that are inherited |
genetics | the study of biological inheritance |
purebred | genetically pure from one line of organisms |
cross | the mating of two different species of organisms |
law of segregation | organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent, and they give only one copy in their gametes |
gene | piece of DNA that provides a set of instruction to a cell to make a certain protein |
allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus |
homozygous | two of the same alleles |
heterozygous | two different alleles |
genome | all of an organism's genetic material |
genotype | the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes |
phenotype | the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism |
dominant | allele that is expressed when two alleles are present |
recessive | only expressed when two copies are present |
sexual reproduction | involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents |