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bio 6.1-6.4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Somatic cells | body cells/make up most of your tissues and organs |
| Gametes | sex cells/ eggs and sperm |
| homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes-one from mom and one from dad- that are the same size and general appearance |
| autosomes | 1-22/ contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
| sex chromosomes | control the sexual characteristics |
| fertilization | the fusing of the egg and sperm producing a zygote |
| diploid | two copies of each chromosome |
| haploid | one copy of each chromosome |
| meiosis | creates haploid sex cells from diploid germ cells |
| gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
| sperm cell | the male gamete |
| egg | the female gamete |
| polar bodies | cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down |
| traits | distinguishing characteristics that are inherited |
| genetics | the study of biological inheritance |
| purebred | genetically pure from one line of organisms |
| cross | the mating of two different species of organisms |
| law of segregation | organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent, and they give only one copy in their gametes |
| gene | piece of DNA that provides a set of instruction to a cell to make a certain protein |
| allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus |
| homozygous | two of the same alleles |
| heterozygous | two different alleles |
| genome | all of an organism's genetic material |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes |
| phenotype | the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism |
| dominant | allele that is expressed when two alleles are present |
| recessive | only expressed when two copies are present |
| sexual reproduction | involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents |