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FA Review
Relevant treatments
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication | Fomepizole |
| Fomepizole is an: | Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor |
| Clostridium botulinum | Antitoxin |
| Clostridium tetani | Antitoxin |
| MS Staphylococcus aureus | Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin |
| What are the most common anti-staphylococcal penicillins? | Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin |
| MRSA: | Vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and ceftaroline |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis) |
| What is used for prophylaxis of N. meningitidis infection? | Rifampin |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Penicillin prophylaxis |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia | Penicillin/cephalosporin |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis? | Vancomycin |
| Streptococcus bovis | Penicillin prophylaxis |
| Enterococci | Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins |
| Haemophilus influenzae (B) mucosal infection | Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate |
| Haemophilus influenzae (B) meningitis | Ceftriaxone |
| What is used for prophylaxis in H. influenzae (B)? | Rifampin |
| Legionella pneumophila | Macrolides |
| What is the MC macrolide used in Legionella pneumophila ? | Azithromycin |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems |
| Treponema pallidum | Penicillin G |
| Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhea infection | Doxycycline + ceftriaxone |
| Chlamydia trachomatis to treat conjunctivitis in infants | Oral erythromycin |
| Rickettsia rickettsii | Doxycycline, chloramphenicol |
| Candida albicans vaginitis: | Topical azoles |
| Candida albicans oral/esophageal infection: | Nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin |
| Systemic Candida albicans inspection: | Fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine |
| What medication is used in maintenance treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in an AIDS patient? | Fluconazole |
| Sporothrix schenckii | Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci | TMP-SMX |
| Toxoplasma gondii | Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine |
| Malaria (for blood schizont) | Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil |
| What is the malarial treatment ofr liver hypnozoite? | Primaquine |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | Metronidazole |
| Influenza | Oseltamivir, zanamivir |
| CMV | Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Ceftriaxone |
| Clostridium difficile | Oral metronidazole |
| Refractory C. difficile | Oral vancomycin |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) |
| UTI prophylaxis | TMP-SMX |
| Chronic hepatitis B or C | INF-alpha(HBV and HBC); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV) |
| Patent ductus arteriosus closure | Indomethacin |
| PDA keep open with: | PGE analogues |
| Stable angina | Sublingual nitroglycerin |
| Hypercholesterolemia | Statin (first-line) |
| Buerger disease | Smoking cessation |
| Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener) | Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids |
| Kawasaki disease | IVIG, high-dose aspirin |
| Temporal arteritis | High-dose steroids |
| Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue | Class IB antiarrhythmic |
| What are two common Class IB antiarrhythmics? | Lidocaine and Mexiletine |
| Pheochromocytoma | Alpha-antagonists |
| What common a-antagonist is used to treat Pheochromocytoma? | Phenoxybenzamine |
| Prolactinoma | Cabergoline/bromocriptine |
| What are two dopamine agonists? | Cabergoline and bromocriptine |
| Central Diabetes insipidus | Desmopressin |
| Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus | Hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride |
| SIADH | Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 | Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | Fluids, insulin, K+ |
| Carcinoid syndrome | Octreotide |
| Crohn's disease | Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine |
| Ulcerative colitis | 5-ASA preparations (mesalamine), 6-MP, infliximab, colectomy |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | Fibrate |
| Sickle cell disease | Hydroxyurea |
| How does the Hydroxyurea work in the treatment of Sickle cell disease? | Increases fetal hemoglobin |
| Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) | Imatinib |
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) | All-trans retinoic acid |
| Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy | Heparin |
| Heparin reversal | Protamine sulfate |
| Immediate anticoagulation | Heparin |
| Long-term anticoagulation | Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban |
| Warfarin reversal acute | Fresh frozen plasma |
| Non-acute warfarin reversal | Vitamin K |
| Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis | Mesna |
| HER2/neu (+) breast cancer | Trastuzumab |
| Osteoporosis | Bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab |
| Prophylaxis for Osteoporosis | Calcium/ Vitamin D supplementation |
| Osteomalacia/rickets | Vitamin D supplementation |
| Chronic gout | Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, pegloticase; probenecid |
| What are common Xanthine oxidase inhibitors? | Allopurinol and Febuxostat |
| Acute gout attack | NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids |
| Neural tube defect prevention | Prenatal folic acid |
| What are the abortive therapies for migraines? | Sumatriptan and NSAIDs |
| What are common medications used in prophylaxis of migraines? | Propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, and amitriptyline |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | Carbamazepine |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Disease-modifying therapies (B-interferon, natalizumab) |
| What are some common Disease-modifying therapies? | B-interferon, natalizumab |
| What is the best treatment for acute flare of Multiple Sclerosis? | IV steroids |
| Which two conditions affect the dorsal comum fibers? | Tabes dorsalis and Subacute Combined degeneration |
| What 3 tracts are affected in Subacute Combined Degeneration? | Dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, and spinocerebellar tracts |
| Tonic-clonic seizures | Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, and carbamazepine |
| Absence seizures | Ethosuximide |
| Malignant Hyperthermia | Dantrolene |
| Anorexia | Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine |
| Bulimia nervosa | SSRIs |
| Alcoholism | Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care |
| ADHD | Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine |
| Alcohol withdrawal | Long-acting benzodiazepines |
| Bipolar disorder | Mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics |
| What are some common mood stabilizers? | Lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine |
| Depression | SSRIs |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | SSRIs, SNRIs; buspirone |
| What is the second line of treatment for GAD? | Buspirone |
| Schizophrenia positive symptoms | Typical and atypical antipsychotics |
| Schizophrenia negative symptoms | Atypical antipsychotics |
| Hyperaldosteronism | Spironolactone |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | alpha-1- antagonists, 5a-reductase inhibitors, and PDE-5 inhibitors |
| Infertility | Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene |
| How is the form in which GnRH given to treat infertility? | Pulsatile |
| Breast cancer in postmenopausal women | Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole) |
| Common Aromatase inhibitor | Anastrozole |
| ER (+) breast cancer | Tamoxifen |
| Prostate adenocarcinoma/ uterine fibroids | Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous) |
| Form of GnRH administration in treatment of prostate cancer/ uterine fibroids? | Continuous |
| Medical abortion | Mifepristone |
| Prostate adenocarcinoma | Flutamide |
| Erectile dysfunction | Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil |
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic) | Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol |
| Other then erectile dysfunction, what is another use for Sildenafil? | Pulmonary arterial hypertension |
Created by:
rakomi
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