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Cellular Regulation
Chapter 2, 40
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aneurysm | A weakened area in an arterial wall |
| Angiogenesis | The growth of new blood vessel branches |
| Apoptosis | Cell death; cells degenerate at a specific time period with no adverse affects on the body |
| Atherogenesis | Gradual and progressive development of atherosclerotic plaque within the arteries that is initiated by endothelial injury |
| Atrophy | A cellular adaption in which cells revert to a smaller size in response to changes in metabolic requirements or their environment |
| Benign | Not harmful in effect |
| Biopsy | Extracts a cell sample from an organ or mass of tissue to allow for histological examination |
| Dysplasia | Deranged cellular growth within a specific tissue, often as result of inflammation or precancerous condition |
| Etiology | The original cause of a cellular alteration or disease |
| Gangrene | Dead tissue that acts as medium for bacteria |
| Histology | The microscopic study of tissues and cells |
| Hyperplasia | The increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ |
| Hypertrophy | An increase in individual cell size that results in an enlargement of functioning tissue mass |
| Infarction | Ischemic necrosis; death of tissue as a consequence of prolonged ischemia |
| Ischemia | Inadequate blood flow |
| Malignant | Very virulent or infectious |
| Metaplasia | The replacement of one cell type by another cell type |
| Neoplasia | New growth usually referring to disorganized, uncoordinated, uncontrolled proliferative cell growth that is cancerous |
| Oxidative Stress | An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in your body |
| Pathological Hypertrophy | Occurs when there is an increase in cellular size without an increase in the supportive structures necessary for the increased metabolic needs |
| Physiologic Hypertrophy | The enlarged muscle is adequately perfused and supplied with blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients due to angiogenesis |
| Pathognomonic Changes | Unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes |
| Cachexia | Loss of body fat and lean body mass Weakness, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, anemia |
| Differentiation | Extent that neoplastic cells resemble normal cells |
| Anaplasia | Total cellular disorganization, abnormal appearance, cell dysfunction |
| Benign Tumor | Well-differentiated, localized, cohesive, demarcated from surrounding tissue |
Created by:
bjmacurak
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