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bio 210 neuro
chap 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| functions of n. system | receiving, deciding, reacting to stimuli |
| 3 organs of n. system | brain, spinal cord, pns |
| neuron | a n. cell |
| neuroglia | supports, nutritive, protects n. cells |
| dendrite | branched receptors extendings from n. cell body |
| axon | slender process on neuron used for impulses |
| nerve | bundle of axons |
| synapse | gap across synaptic knob and neuron or effector |
| neurotransmitter | chemical messengers and relay impluse conduction across a synapse |
| receptor | receives input stimuli |
| effector | organ or gland that responds to n. impulse |
| white matter | bundles of mylinated axons in brain |
| grey matter | bundles of glia, capillaries and unmyelinated axons in brain |
| divisions of n. system | CNS and PNS |
| CNS= | brain, spinal cord |
| PNS= | peripherial n. extending thoughout body |
| 3 discriptions of neurons or types | multipolar, unipolar, bipolar |
| 3 functions of neurons | sensory, interneurons, motor |
| sensory neurons= | carry n. impulse to brain or spinal cord |
| interneurons= | lie within brain send impules to processing centers |
| motor neurons= | send impluse to effectors |
| 4 types of neuroglia CNS | astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microcytes, ependyma |
| astrocytes= | star shaped, help support, regulate substances and repair axons in brain |
| oligodendrocytes | form myelin |
| microcytes | scattered phagocytes of n. system |
| ependyma | may have cilia, line CNS, help w/ production and movement of CSF |
| 2 types of neuroglia PNS | Schwann, satellite |
| Schwann cells= | wrap around axons & speed impulses |
| satellite cells= | surround & support PNS ganglia |
| polarized membrane | the overal charge of a neural membrane |
| Ach functions in | stimulates skelatal m. , inhibits cardiac m. |
| norepinephrine function in | feeling good; fight or flight syndrome |
| dopamine functions in | complex body movements, emotional responses |
| seratonin | inhibits CNS, related to sleepliness |
| histamine | promotes alertness, affects allergic reactions |
| GABA | inhibits CNS |
| endorphines | inhibits CNS to decrease pain |
| nitrious oxide | role in anesthesia inhibits memory |
| alzheimer disease | deficiency of ACh |
| clinical depression | lack of norepinephrine &/or serotonin |
| epilepsy | excess GABA |
| hypersomnia | excess serotonin |
| mania | excess norepinephrine |
| parkinson disease | lack of dopamine |
| schizophrenia | deficient GABA & excess dopamine |
| tryptophan | increases seratonin |
| curare | blocks binding of ACh receptors to create flaccid m. paralysis |
| valium & alcohol | increases GABA |
| nicotine | increases ACh & dopamine to increase alertness and feeling good |
| cocaine | blocks decomposition of norepinephrine |
| tricyclic antidepressants | block reuptake serotonin |
| MAO inhibitors | prevents breakdown of norepinephrine |
| SSRI's | (prozac, paxil, zoloft) block reuptake of serotonin |
| SNRI's | dual reuptake inhibitors |
| atrophine | blocks release of ACh |
| beta blockers | block norepinephrine to dilate vessels and slow heart |
| antagonists= | blocks neurotransmitter reception |
| agonist | promotes reception of neurotransmitter @ reception |
Created by:
heatxfer
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