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Weather & Climate

6th Science Terms

TermDefinition
air masses huge bodies of air that form over water or land in tropical (hot) or polar (cold) regions
exosphere outer layer of the atmosphere; Cold regions of outer space are here
altitude how high you go in the atmosphere
when altitude increases air pressure decreases
troposphere 1st atmospheric layer- closest to Earth where weather and clouds occur; Airplanes fly here
nitrogen and oxygen two most abundant gases in the atmosphere
fossil fuels these come from burning natural resources such as coal; create energy, but add to the greenhouse layer and increase the Greenhouse Effect.
stratosphere This atmospheric layer is cold except at the top where the ozone layer is located
warm front When a warm air mass hits a cold air mass and moves over the top of it; Long periods of precipitation and warmer temperatures
greenhouse gases gases reflected from earth and are stored in the greenhouse layer
thermosphere The warmest atmospheric layer with very thin air; Auroras occur here; space shuttles orbit here; Ionosphere is an inner layer here
carbon dioxide and methane two main greenhouse gases
ozone a form of oxygen that protects the earth from the harmful UV rays from the sun
boundary The line between the air masses
cold front When a cold air mass hits and slides under a warm air mass, causing thunderstorms, sometimes tornadoes, and/or cooler temperatures
stationary front A cold and a warm air mass hit and form a boundary and neither one will move
occluded front Cold air mass pushes into a warm air mass that is behind a cool air mass and then the warm air mass is pushed up above the cooler air mass
tornado rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that extends down from a storm cloud; the very low pressure and strong winds
hurricane a low pressure tropical storm that forms over warm ocean water
Continental Polar air masses originate over cold land masses and bring cold dry air as they move. o Continental Tropical - originate over warm land masses and bring warm dry air
Continental Tropical air massess originate over warm land masses and bring warm dry air as they move
Maritime Polar air masses originate over cold oceans and bring cold moist air as they move
Maritime Tropical air masses originate over warm oceans and bring warm moist air as they move
Continental having to do with land
Maritime having to do with water (mar means sea or pool (water))
tropical warm to hot temperatures
polar cool to cold temperatures
mesosphere The coldest atmospheric layer where meteors burn up
storms Severe weather conditions that occur when pressure differences cause rapid air movement.
thunderstorm a storm with thunder, lightning, heavy rains and strong winds; form within large cumulonimbus clouds; usually form along a cold front but can form within an air mass.
Created by: robryant
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