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Mental Health 2
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders (FN)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A psychotic disorder, characterized by impaired ability to recognize reality and the presence of hallucinations, and/or delusions. | schizophrenia |
| The first episode of schizophrenia usually makes an untimely debut in | late adolescence or early adulthood. |
| Schizophrenia is most likely caused by a convergence and interaction of | genetic and environmental factors. |
| The acute onset of schizophrenia is often associated with recent major psychosocial | stressors |
| In some individuals, the first psychotic episode is triggered by | drug experimentation or use |
| _______ is the defining characteristic of schizophrenia and must be present to make the diagnosis of schizophrenia. | psychosis |
| ______ symptoms represent a distortion or excess of normal function and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/speech, and disorganized or catatonic behavior | positive |
| ______ symptoms represent a decrease, loss, or absence of normal function and include flat affect, alogia, and avolition. | negative |
| How long must tha persistent disturbance exist for a patient to be diagnosed with schizophrenia? | 6 months with 1 month of active phase symptoms |
| The person with ______ affect demonstrates little or no emotional responsivity. | flat |
| _________ disturbances may include hallucinations, illusions, and boundary and identity problems. | perceptual |
| It is important for staff to thoroughly assess the ______ ______ type of hallucination so that they can initiate protective interventions. | auditory commands |
| In _____ the individuals have the sense that their own bodies are unreal, as if they are estranged and unattached to the world or the situation at hand. | depersonalization |
| The experience that external environmental objects are strange or unreal. | derealization |
| Restricted in thought and speech production | alogia |
| Opposing thoughts, ideas, feelings, drives, or impulses occurring in the same person at the same time. | ambivalence |
| The distinguishing characteristics of ______ ______ are persistent delusions with a single or closely associated, tightly organized theme, usually of persecution or grandeur and auditory hallucinations about single or closely associated themes. | paranoid schizophrenia |
| The distinguishing characteeristics of ____- _____ are grossly inappropriate or flat affect, incoherence, and grossly disorganized primitive and uninhibited behavior. | disorganized schizophrenia |
| The distinguishing characteric of ______ ______ is marked disturbance of psychomotor activity. | catatonic schizophrenia |
| This associated type of schizophrenia must have a duration of at least 1 month but less than 6 months and social/occupational function may not be impaired. | Schizophreniform Disorder |
| This associated type of schizophrnia has symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder. The episode must last at least 1 month. | Schizoaffective Disorder |
| The theme of this delusional disorder centers around belief and conviction that another person is in love with them, which in fact is untrue. | erotomanic |
| The theme of this delusional disorder is that the individual's lover or spouse is unfaithful without real evidence to support the belief. | jealous |
| The theme of this delusional disorder is that the individual has extraordinary or important talent or special knowledge. | grandiose |
| The theme of this delusional disorder centers on the belief that the individual is a victim of conspiracy, poisooning, spying, harassment, or cheating. | persecutory |
| The theme of this delusional disorder focuses on bodily sensations or functions. | somatic |
| The defining characteristic of _____ ____ disorder is at least on e of the following symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, or behavior disturbance. | brief psychotic disorder |
| A delusional disorder when a person who is involved in a relationship with another individual who already has a psychotic disorder with prominent delusions has a psychotic disorder. | Shared Psychotic Disorder |
| ________ is aimed at alleviation of symptoms, improvement in quality of life, and restoration of productivity within the client's capacity. | Treatment |
| Antipsychotic medications are also called | neuroleptics |
| A variety of motor-related side effects that result from the dopamine-blocking effects of antipsychotic medications (most commonly the typical group). | EPS |
| Spasms affecting various muscle groups may be frightening and result in difficulty swallowing, jeopardizing the person's airway. | dystonia |
| How is dystonia treated? | oral anticholinergic drugs or Cogentin and Benadryl |
| A variety of symptoms including tremors, slowed or absent movement, muscle jerks, shuffling gait, loss of facial muscle movement, and drooling. | pseudoparkinsonism |
| What is pseudoparkinsonism treated with? | anticholinergic drugs or dopamine agonists. |
| Motor restlessness, pacing, rocking, foot-tapping, inability to lie down, or sit still. Can be confused with anxiety, so keen assessment is critical. | akathisia |
| How ia akathisia treated? | Reduction in antipsychotics, beta blockers and benzodiazepines, occasionally bentropine if patient can tolerate. |
| Late occuring abnormal movements. | tardive dyskinesia |
| Rapid, jerky movements that occur anywhere in the body. | tardive syskinesia |
| How is tardive dyskinesia treated? | Prevent by monitoring during treatment, withdraw antipsychotic meds over time, benzodiazepines, Vitamin E |
| This is believed to result from dopamine blockade in the hypothalamus. | NMS |
| In NMS, muscle necrosis can be so severe that it causes | myoglobinuric renal failure |
| What lab abnormalities will you find in a patient with NMS? | Elevated creatinw phosphokinase and leukocytosis. |
| How is NMS treated? | Discontinue antipsychotic meds, hydrate patient, antipyretics and cooling blankets if hyperthermia exists, treat arrythmias, low doses of heparin to decrease risk of pulmonary emboli, Bromocriptine Mesylate (dopamine agonist) and dantrolene. |
| What are the characteristics of Type 1 schizophrenia? | positive rapid acute onset of symptoms, responds well to drugs and the tend to suffer more from positive symptoms. |
| What are the characteristics of Type 2 schizophrenia? | poorly adjusted before it overtakes them, withdrawl from others, slowing of mental and physical reactions. |
| Because it is severe, ______ is placed under psychosis on the mental health continum. | schizophrenia |
| What is the dopamine hypothesis? | A theory derived from the study of antipsychotic drugs that block the activity of D2. The D2 receptors are blocked and the reduces some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. |
| What is the glutamate factor? | Whe PCP induces a schizophrenic-like state", indicating the role of glutamate in schizophrenic pathology. |
| What neuroanatomical findings are present in a patient with schizophrenia? | Enlarged lateral cerebral ventricles, cortical atrophy, cerebellar atrophy, frontal lobe atrophy, increased size of sulci on the brain surface. |
| The course of schizophrenia is characterized by the acute exacerbations of | psychosis |
| _____ symptoms appear early in the 1st phase and often precipitate hospitalization; usually respond to medication | positive |
| _______ symptoms of schizophrenia have an incidious onset, impair abilities, and are ______ because of a decrease or loss of norma functions. | negative, negative |
| What atypical antipsychotic produces agranulocytosis and seizures and requires WBC's weekly for 6 months? | Clozapine |
| _______ is the most sedating conventional/traditional antipsychotic and has less EPS. | Thorazine |
| _______ is the least sedating conventional/traditional antipsychotic and has more EPS's and reduces assaultive behavior. | Haldol |
| What do the use of antimanic drugs like lithium and valproate do for patients with schizophrenia? | The suppress episodic violence. |
| What are benzodiazapines used for with schizophrenia? | The improve positive and negative symptoms by 50%. |
| Children with schizophrenia are often mistaken for children with | autism |
| Children have a ______ prognosis than adults with schizophrenia. | worse |
| ____ or _____ ______ is caused by substances, toxins, ETOH, or caused by the consequences of a medical condition. | Induced or secondary psychosis |
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