Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
FA Review
First Aid Rapid Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly | Budd-Chiari syndrome (Post-Hepatic venous thrombosis) |
| Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use | Clostridium difficile infection |
| Achilles tendon xanthoma | Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
| Decreased LDL receptor signaling | Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
| Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC | Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome |
| Meningococcemia | Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome |
| Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion | IgA deficiency |
| Anterior "drawer sign" positive | Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury |
| Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation (upward), aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints | Marfan syndrome |
| Fibrillin defect | Marfan syndrome |
| Athlete with polycythemia | Secondary to EPO injection |
| Back pain, fever, night sweats | Pott disease |
| Vertebral TB | Pott disease |
| Bilateral acoustic schwannomas | Neurofibromatosis type 2 |
| Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis | Sarcoidosis |
| What kind of granulomas are seen in Sarcoidosis? | Non-caseating granulomas |
| Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis | Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection |
| Blue sclerae | Osteogenesis imperfecta |
| Type I collagen defect | Osteogenesis imperfecta |
| Bluish line on gingiva | Burton line |
| Lead poisoning is seen with which kind of gingival problem? | Burton line |
| Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis | Paget disease of bone |
| Increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity | Paget disease of bone |
| Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing | Aortic regurgitation |
| "Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
| Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas | Neurofibromatosis type 1 |
| Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities | McCune-Albright syndrome |
| Mosaic G-protein signaling mutation is seen with? | McCune-Albright syndrome |
| Calf pseudohypertrophy | Muscular dystrophy |
| What is the most common muscular dystrophy? | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| What is Duchenne Muscular dystrophy caused by? | X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene |
| Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctiva and tongue, hand-foot changes | Kawasaki disease |
| What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease? | IVIG and aspirin |
| "Cherry-red spots" on macula | Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, central retinal artery occlusion |
| Ganglioside accumulation | Tay-Sachs |
| Sphingomyelin accumulation | Niemann-Pick |
| Chest pain on exertion | Angina |
| Stable Angina: | Chest pain with moderate exertion |
| Chest pain with minimal exertion or at rest | Unstable angina |
| Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI | Dressler syndrome |
| Autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2 weeks to several months after acute episode | Dressler syndrome |
| Chest pain with ST depression on EKG | Unstable angina or NSTEMI |
| Chest pain with ST depression on EKG , positive troponins | NSTEMI |
| Chest pain with ST depression on EKG, negative troponins | Unstable angina |
| Child uses arms to stand up from squat | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| Positive Gowers sign | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body | Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease |
| "Slapped cheeks" appearance, caused by parvovirus B19 | Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease |
| Another term used for Erythema Infectiosum? | Fifth disease |
| Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration | Huntington disease |
| Autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion | Huntington disease |
| Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications | Congenital toxoplasmosis |
| Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria | McArdle disease |
| Skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency | McArdle disease |
| Cold intolerance | Hypothyroidism |
| Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
| Damage to MLF | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
| Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur | PDA |
| Which murmur is closed with Indomethacin? | PDA |
| PDA is kept open with: | PGE analogues |
| Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition | Myxedema |
| What conditions are associated with Myxedema? | Hypothyroidism, Graves disease ([pretibial]) |
| Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm | Carcinoid syndrome |
| Right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, increased 5-HIAA | Carcinoid syndrome |
| Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS | Kaposi sarcoma |
| Which virus is associated with Kaposi sarcoma? | HHV-8 |
| Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation and Hx of increased HbA1 | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Kussmaul respiration are common in which diabetic complication? | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea | Pellagra |
| Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency | Pellagra |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition | Wet beriberi |
| Thiamine (Vit B1) deficiency and Dilated cardiomyopathy | Wet beriberi |
| Dog or cat bite resulting in infection | Pasteurella multocida |
| Cellulitis art inoculation site | Pasteurella multocida |
| Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis | Sjogren syndrome |
| Autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands | Sjogren syndrome |
| Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia | Plummer-Vinson syndrome |
| What is a possible complication of Plummer-Vinson syndrome? | Esophageal Squamous Cell carcinoma |
| Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, and increased bleeding tendency | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
| Type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
| Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node | Virchow node |
| Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss | Meniere disease |
| Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells | Mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome |
| Cutaneous T cell lymphoma | Mycosis fungoides |
| Mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in the blood | Sezary syndrome |
| Facial muscle spasm upon tapping | Chvostek sign |
| Positive Chvostek sign | Hypocalcemia |
| Fat, female, forty, and fertile | Cholelithiasis |
| Medical terminology for gallstones | Cholelithiasis |
| Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis | Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction |
| Rapid lysis of spirochetes results in Endotoxin release | Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction |
| Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash | Measles |
| Fever, night sweats, weight loss | B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma |
| Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis wit abnormal curvature | Peyronie disease |
| Connective tissue disorder of the penis | Peyronie disease |
| Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea | Wilson disease |
| Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation | Wilson disease |
| Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy | Lesch-Nyhan syndrome |
| HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive | Lesch-Nyhan syndrome |
| Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome |
| Inherited, benign polyps can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk, mainly GI | Peutz- Jeghers syndrome |
| Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises | Gaucher disease |
| Glucocerebrosidase deficiency | Gaucher disease |
| Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts | Alport syndrome |
| Mutation in collagen IV | Alport syndrome |
| Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility | Kluver-Bucy syndrome |
| Bilateral amygdala lesion | Kluver-Bucy syndrome |
| Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present | UMN damage |
| Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations | LMN damage |
| Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility | Kartagener syndrome |
| Dynein arm defect affecting cilia | Kartagener syndrome |
| Slow, progressive weakness in boys | Becker muscular dystrophy |
| X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne | Becker muscular dystrophy |
| Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia | Patau syndrome |
| Trisomy 13 | Patau syndrome |
| Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect | Edwards syndrome |
| Trisomy 18 | Edwards syndrome |
| Single palmar crease | Down syndrome |
| Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae | Scurvy |
| Vitamin C deficiency causes: | Scurvy |
| What is the biochemical deficient in Vitamin C deficiency? | Cannot hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis |
| Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly | Cori disease or Von Gierke disease |
| Cori disease is due to missing | Debranching enzyme |
| Von Gierke disease is due to missing | Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency |
| Myopathy, exercise intolerance, and infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Pompe disease |
| What enzyme deficiency causes Pompe disease? | Lysosomal a-1, 4-glucosidase |
| Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells | Bruton disease |
| X-linked agammaglobulinemia | Bruton disease |
| Recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE | Hyper-IgE syndrome |
| What is another name for Hyper-IgE syndrome? | Job syndrome |
| Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality is seen inJ: | Hyper-IgE syndrome |
| "Strawberry tongue" | Scarlet Fever and Kawasaki disease |
| Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients | Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia |
| Large rash with bull's-eye appearance | Erythema chronicum migrans form Ixodes tick bite |
| What organism causes Lyme disease? | Borrelia |
| Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion, and NON-painful | Chancre |
| What organism and disease is associated with genital chancre? | Primary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum |
| Induced, ulcerated genital lesion, painful and with exudate | Chancroid |
| What is the most common cause of a chancroid? | Haemophilus ducreyi infection |
| Pupil accommodates but does not react | Argyll Robertson pupil |
| What condition is seen with Argyll Robertson pupil? | Neurosyphylis |
| Smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals | Condylomata lata |
| Condylomata late is associated with which stage of syphilis? | Second stage |
| "Worst headache of my life" | Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy | Whipple disease |
| What condition is caused by Tropheryma whipplei? | Whipple disease |
| Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations | Mallory-Weiss syndrome |
| Mallory-Weiss syndrome is often seen in: | Alcoholics and bulimic patients |
| Vascular birthmark of the face | Nevus flammeus |
| What is the classical description of vascular birthmark in Sturge-Weber syndrome | Port-wine stain |
| Benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome? | Nevus flammeus |
| Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male | Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27 |
| Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead | LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy |
| Which kind of Motor neuron damage of CN VII palsy spare the forehead? | UMN |
| Toe extension/ fanning upon plantar scape | Babinski sign |
| Adult UMN lesion is often presented with a positive | Babinski sign |
| Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis | MEN 2B |
| Autosomal dominant RET mutation | MEN 2A and MEN 2B |
| Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma | MEN 2A |
| Telangiectasias, recurrent epitalis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria | Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome |
| Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) | Aortic stenosis |
| Swollen, hard, painful finger joints | Osteoarthritis |
| Osteophytes on PIP (Bouchard nodes), DIP (Heberden nodes) | Osteoarthritis |
| What two classical joint nodes are associated with Osteoarthritis? | Bouchard nodes (PIP) and Heberden nodes (DIP) |
| Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi | Gout/podagra |
| What kind of electrolyte imbalance is associated with the development of Gout? | Hyperuricemia |
| Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema | Turner syndrome |
| 45, XO | Turner syndrome |
| Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails | Bacterial endocarditis |
| Small, irregular red spots, on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers | Koplik spots |
| Koplik spots are associated with: | Measles virus |
| Another name for rubeola virus | Measles virus |
| Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue | Primary adrenocortical insufficiency |
| What is the common name for Primary adrenocortical insufficiency? | Addison disease |
| What hormonal imbalances are primary in Addison disease? | Increased ACTH and Increased a-MSH production |
| The hyperpigmentation in Addison disease is due to: | Increased a-MSH production |
| Short stature, cafe au lait spots, thumb/radial defects, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia | Fanconi anemia |
| Genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML | Fanconi anemia |
| Severe jaundice in neonate | Crigler-Najjar syndrome |
| Severe congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia | Crigler-Najjar syndrome |
| Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers | Roth spots |
| Name of ocular signs in Bacterial endocarditis | Roth spots |
| Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait | Parkinson disease |
| Loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta | Parkinson disease |
| Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma | von-Hippel-Lindau disease |
| Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
| Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola | Paget disease of the breast |
| Sign of underlying breast neoplasm | Paget disease of the breast |
| Red "currant jelly" stools | Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (children) |
| Rash on palms and soles | Coxsackie A, Secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection | Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype | Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis | Horner syndrome |
| Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's) | Lichen planus |
| Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets | Fanconi syndrome |
| Multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule | Fanconi syndrome |
| Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation | Emphysema |
| "Pink puffer", | Emphysema |
| Smoking emphysema | Centriacinar emphysema |
| Alpha-1-deficiency emphysema | Panacinar emphysema |
| Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (>3.5g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia | Nephrotic syndrome |
| Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors | MEN 1 |
| Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria | Henoch-Schonlein purpura |
| IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys | Henoch-Schonlein purpura |
| Painless jaundice | Cancer of the pancreatic head obstruction bile duct |
| Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles | Janeway lesions |
| Infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses | Janeway lesions |
| Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder | Courvoisier sign |
| Distal malignant obstruction of biliary tree | Courvoisier sign |
| Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury | Epidural hematoma |
| Middle meningeal rupture | Epidural hematoma |
| Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time | Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
| Defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa | Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
| Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension | Beck triad of cardiac tamponade |
| Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth | Gardner syndrome |
| Subtype of FAP | Gardner syndrome |
| Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth | Erb-Duchenne palsy |
| Superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury | Erb-Duchenne palsy |
| What is the classical sign of Erb-Duchenne palsy? | "waiter's tip" |
| No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance | Sheehan syndrome |
| Pituitary infarction | Sheehan syndrome |
| Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia | Cold agglutinin disease |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis, CLL | Cold agglutinin disease |
| Painful fingers/toes changing color form blue to white to red with cold or stress | Raynaud phenomenon |
| Vasospasms in extremities | Raynaud phenomenon |
| Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ | Rovsing sign |
| (+) Rovsing sign | Acute appendicitis |
| Severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness | McBurney sign |
| What is the most common sign in acute appendicitis? | McBurney sign |
Created by:
rakomi
Popular USMLE sets