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105 Chapter 6
Anatomy and Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| thyroid cartilage | adams apple |
| musculoskeletal system | system of bones and skeletal muscles that support + protect the body and permit movement |
| ligament | bone to bone |
| tendon | muscle to bone |
| cranium | top back and sides of skull (the face is the front) |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| maxille | two fused bones of upper jaw |
| nasal bones | some of the structure of the nose |
| orbits | surround the eyes (multiple bones) |
| zygomatic arches | structures of the cheeks |
| spinal column | protects the spinal cord and provides support and structure for the body. Consists of 33 vertebrae |
| vertabrae | the separate bones of the spine (33) |
| 5 Spinal Divisions | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
| cervical | the 7 vertebrae of the neck (c1-c7)...atlas, axis...etc. |
| thoracic | 12 vertebrae of the chest (thorax, ribs, upper back |
| lumbar | 5 vertebrae of the lower back |
| sacral | 5 vertebrae of the back wall of the pelvis |
| coccyx | 4 vertebrae of the tail bone |
| sternum | breast bone |
| manubrium | the superior portion of the sternum |
| xiphoid process | the inferior portion of the sternum |
| pelvis | the basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine (sacral and coccyx) and is the promixal attachment point for the lower extremities |
| ilium | the superior and widest portion of the pelvis |
| pubis | the medial anterior portion of the pelvis |
| acetabulum | the pelvic socket that fits the ball of the proximal end of the femur |
| femur | large thigh bone |
| patella | knee |
| tibia | medial larger bone of lower leg (shin bone) |
| fibula | lateral small bone of lower leg |
| malleolus | each side of the ankle, lateral at inferior end of fibula, and medial is at inferior end of tibia |
| tarsals | bones making up the ankle |
| metatarsals | bones making up the foot |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| phalanges | toe bones |
| clavicle | located anteriorly, collerbone |
| scapula | located posteriorly, shoulderblade |
| acromion process | the highest portion of the scapula |
| acromioclavicle joint | where the top of the scapula and the clavicle meet |
| humerus | bone between shoulder and elbow |
| radius | the lateral bone of the forearm, always aligned with thumb |
| ulna | medial bone of forearm |
| carpals | the several bones of the wrist |
| metacarpals | bones of the hand |
| phalanges | finger and toes |
| ball and socket joints | ie. hip, ball of femur rotates in a round socket of the pelvis |
| hinge joints | ie. elbow, angle between humerus and ulna bends and straightens |
| types of muscles | voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac A>K>A skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| voluntary muscle | skeletal, under direct control of the brain, attached to bone and contracts |
| involuntary muscle | smooth, controls materials through organs by responding automatically from the brain |
| cardiac muscle | a specialized form of involuntary muscle found in the heart |
| automaticity | the property of the heart that allows it to generate and conduct electric impulses on its own, heartbeat |
| respiratory/pulmonary system | ventilation and oxygenation. O2 moved into bloodstream through inhalation, CO2 picked up by blood and excreted through exhalation |
| oropharynx | area directly posterior to the mouth |
| nasopharnx | area directly posterior to the nose |
| pharnx | area that includes both the oropharynx and the nasopharynx |
| epiglottis | a leaf shaped structure that closes over the glottis |
| glottis | the opening to the trachea |
| larynx | voice box, contains the vocal cords |
| cricoid cartilage | a ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx |
| trachea | windpipe, tube that carries air from larynx down towards the lungs, made of 16 C-shaped rings of cartilage |
| bronchi | the bifurcated parts of the trachea, singular = mainstem bronchus that leads to lung |
| bronchioles | the many branches of the bronchus inside the lung that end at alveoli |
| diaphragm | it is the large muscle that is controlled by the phrenic nerve and divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, helps inhale and exhale |
| intercostal muscles | muscles of the rib cage |
| inhalation | the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, pulling the ribs upward and outward and the diaphragm lower created negative pressure (vacuum) in the chest, which pulls air into lungs |
| exhalation | intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax, ribs go downward and inward and the Diaphragm rises, chest size decreases and positive pressure builds which pushes air out of lungs |
| alveoli | tiny sacs at the end of bronchioles, that are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries |
| pulmonary capillaries | brings blood to outside walls of alveoli |
| ventilation | the movement of gases to and from the alveoli, O2 and C02 transfers to and excretes from the pulmonary capillaries |
| arteries | carry blood away from heart to bring oxygen to cells |
| veins | carry blood towards heart with excreted CO2 from cells |
| respiration | the process of moving cells between the cells and blood |
Created by:
jon.kowalski
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