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APES Mid-Term 2020
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What's the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources? | time it takes to replenish |
| What is an example of reuse? | using plastic butter tubs to hold leftovers |
| What is one form of pollution prevention? | tall smoke stacks |
| What is an example of natural capital degradation? | aquifer depletion |
| How is the technology revolution characterized? | development of technologies for gaining rapid access to information and resources on a global scale |
| What is a consequence of poverty? | heart disease and diabetes from obesity |
| What is natural income? | renewable resources provided by the earth's natural capital |
| What is a scientific theory? | an overwhelming body of evidence supporting one hypothesis or a group of related hypotheses |
| What is contained within a chromosome? | thousands of genes |
| How does electromagnetic energy travel? | as waves |
| In a word, how can high-quality energy be characterized? | concentrated |
| What is an example of potential energy? | a car at the top of a hill |
| What is one end product of anaerobic respiration? | acetic acid |
| What is the percentage of the earth's total potential NPP that is wasted by humans? | 38% |
| What is the earth's main storage for sulfur? | underground rocks and minerals |
| As an example of natural capital, pharmaceutical products have been made from what? | amphibian skin secretions |
| What does genetic diversity enable life on earth to do? | adapt and survive environmental changes |
| What is entomology? | study of insects |
| What is one benefit to having a more diverse ecosystem? | it will be more productive |
| With a population of between 1600 and 3000 individuals, what is one of the most endangered species in the world? | Giant Panda |
| What is one generalization that can be made of parasites? | they rarely kill their hosts |
| What is commensalism? | a relationship when one species benefits and the other is unaffected |
| What benefit do kelp forests provide? | they reduce shore erosion by reducing the force of incoming waves and trapping outgoing sand. |
| Because grasslands can easily catch fire they are said to have, what? | low inertia |
| When one set of species makes an area suitable for species with different niche requirements and less suitable for itself is called what? | facilitation |
| What is the current view among ecologists regarding late-succession ecosystems? | They are in a state of continual disturbance and change |
| What is a population adapted to when it is said to have a range of tolerance? | variations in physical and chemical factors within the ecosystem |
| How many people on earth are estimated to lack their basics needs? | 1 in 5 |
| What is the global human life expectancy? | 70 years |
| What is behind the high infant mortality rate in the US? | drug addiction among women |
| What is average number of children born to women in their reproductive years? | total fertility rate |
| In what year did the US total fertility rate hit, and stay below, the replacement rate? | 1972 |
| What is one negative consequence of a rapid decline in population? | less revenue for the government and fewer workers |
| True or False: China has very few critical resource and environmental problems. | False |
| What is the greenhouse effect? | the trapping of heat by the earth's atmosphere |
| What is the best example of a major human impact on a mountain ecosystem? | timber and mineral extraction |
| What are the climate characteristics of a grassland forest? | bitterly cold winters, hot dry summers, and sparse precipitation |
| What is the most important factor that determines a biome? | climate |
| What factor does the alpine tundra receive more of than the Arctic tundra? | sunlight |
| True or False: A tropical rain forest has a low net primary productivity | false |
| Which biome has ample rainfall or moisture from fog and large conifer trees? | temperate rain forest |
| What is one outcome not likely to happen as a result of human impacts on an ecosystem? | increased biodiversity |
| What are two long-term threats to coral reefs? | climate change and acidification |
| What percentage of shallow coral reefs have been destroyed in the last 70 years? | 75% |
| Jellyfish in class Cnidaria are categorized in terms of marine life as what? | zooplankton |
| In marine ecosystems what are examples of benthos organisms? | oysters, sea stars and lobsters |
| True or false: Algal blooms are key factors that determine the types of and number of organisms in both marine and freshwater systems. | false |
| Within a marine system where would the highest net primary productivity be found? | shallow systems because nutrients are plentiful |
| What occurs in the euphotic zone of the open ocean? | photosynthesis |
| What is a negative consequence of human construction of dams and levees? | causing river deltas to sink |
| What characterizes a eutrohpic lake? | well-supplied with nutrients for producers |
| Where are large numbers of decomposers found within a lake? | benthic zone |
| What is a characteristics of eutrophic lakes? | they are well supplied with nutrients for producers |
| In which zone of a lake ecosystem are most decomposers found?? | benthic zone |
| Which zone of a slow moving river would contain much silt? | floodplain zone |
| True or False: One ecological and economic service provided by wetlands is stopping the recharge of groundwater aquifers. | False |
| What is it that bees are using to make their honey? | nectar |
| What is a mass extinction? | the extinction of many species in a relatively short time in the geologic record |
| An area with a variety of threatened or endangered species is known as, what? | Biodiversity hotspot |
| The natural, low rate of species extinction is referred to as? | background extinction rate |
| True or False: Kudzu, and introduced and invasive plant species, can be controlled by normal weed control measures. | False |
| Identify a species that was intentionally introduced here in the US. | Kudzu |
| What is defined as an "old growth forest?" | any uncut or regenerated primary forest undisturbed for at least 200 years |
| What is defined as a "second growth forest?" | a forest that results from secondary succession |
| True or False: A forest provides the ecological service of releasing atmospheric carbon. | False |
| By one estimate what is the monetary worth of the earth's ecological services per year? | $33.2 trillion |
| By one estimate what is the monetary worth of the world's forests ecological services per year? | $4.7 trillion |
| A forest fire that only burns the undergrowth and leaf litter is called, what? | a surface fire |
| How much of the island nation Haiti's forests remain? | Only 2% |
| A deed restriction that would bar future land owners from developing, say grassland in the south western US, is called? | conservation easement |
| Four principles of ecological restoration and rehabilitation. | 1. Find the cause of the degradation. 2. Stop the abuse by eliminating the cause. 3. Reintroduce pioneer, foundation and keystone species. 4. Protect the area from further degradation. |
| How would eliminating local plants from your household garden rank for sustaining biodiversity? | This would rank as one of the least effective methods. |
| In what way does the projected climate change threaten aquatic ecosystems? | rising sea levels |
| What is CITIES? | a treaty banning trade in endangered species |
| How would the introduction of commercially important nonnative species rank in sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems? | It would rank as a least effective method. |
| What has continued the degradation of the Everglades National Park? | massive water distribution and land development north of the Everglades |
| Restoring and protecting mangrove forests are important for what reason? | reducing impacts of rising sea levels and storm surges. |
| What is overnutrition? | when energy use is less than energy intake |
| What percentage of the world's grains are used to make biofuels? | 20% |
| What percentage of income is spent on food by people in less-developed, poor countries? | 70% |
| Identify a benefit to irrigating crops. | boosts crop productivity on farms |
| True or False: Genetically modified crops could reduce biodiversity. | True |
| Using feed lots to raise animals is beneficial, how? | reduces land use |
| What percentage of the US population gets water and electricity service from the Colorado River? | 10% |
| How much direct water use is lost because of leaks? | 14% |
| What is the percent of China's cities are facing water shortages? | 67% |
| Of all the groundwater and surface water withdrawn in the US, what part is used for cooling electric power plants? | 41% |
| How many more times faster is the US withdrawing groundwater than recharging it? | 4 x |
| What action was NOT recommended to states using the Colorado River basin to help address water supply problems? | Lowering the price of water taken from the river |
| True or False: A disadvantage of dam and reservoir systems is the increase flooding downstream. | False |
| True or False: Populations of local animals around the Aral Sea have remained stable. | False |
| What is the most efficient method of water delivery to crops? | trickle or drip irrigation |
| What is gray water? | Water that is used and drained from showers, sinks, dishwashers and tubs. |
| Four primary goals of a dam and reservoir system: | to produce electricity, to supply water for irrigation, to provide recreational activities, and to reduce downstream flooding |
| True or False: Satellites can be used to detect changes in ground water supplies. | True |
| Letting natural evaporation remove the water in large shallow basins | Not a method to IMPROVE desalination |
| What type of rock is made from the weathered remains of other rocks? | sedimentary |
| Plates that move opposite but parallel directions along a fault are called, what? | transform fault |
| As the price of many metals rises, interest has increased to mine for them where? | the ocean floor |
| How many metric tons of mineral resources are used, on average, by each person in the US each year? | 22 ton |
| Which disturbs more land, surface or subsurface mining? | surface mining |
| Waste soil and rock removed during mining is called, what? | spoil |
Created by:
ccarlough
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