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TEAS -Science
Neuromuscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates unconscious body functions such as breathing and heart rate. | Autonomic nervous system |
| A nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse away from the neuron cell body. | Axon |
| The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in a muscle | Contraction |
| Without intentional control. | Involuntary |
| Fibrous tissue that produces force and motion to move the body or produce movement in parts of the body. | Muscle |
| A bundle of nerve fibers that transmits electrical impulses towards and away from the brain and spinal cord. | Nerve |
| An involuntary action to a stimulus | Reflex |
| Release of tension in a muscle | Relaxation |
| The structure that allows neurons to pass signals to other neurons, muscles or glands. | Synapse |
| With intentional control. | Voluntary |
| The function of the nervous system is to | Gather information from the internal and external environment and communicate any necessary changes to the muscular system |
| Muscle cells carry out their function via their | Distinguishing ability to contract. |
| In the nervous system, communication is accomplished by distinctive cells called "BLANK" that pass information using an electrical nerve impulse. | Neurons |
| The nervous system is divided into the "BLANK" system and "BLANK" system | Central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). |
| The CNS consists of the | Brain and spinal cord. |
| The brain integrates sensory information received from the "BLANK" and "BLANK" environment and assembles a motor response. | internal and external |
| The PNS consists of the extensive network of spinal nerves carrying sensory or "BLANK" information towards "BLANK" and "BLANK" and "BLANK" or "BLANK" information away from the brain and spinal cord. | afferent, spinal cord and brain and motor , efferent |
| Once a stimulus is processed in the CNS, the "BLANK" send "BLANK" impulses to both the somatic and autonomic divisions of the nervous system to carry out a response. | Peripheral motor nerves, efferent |
| The somatic division is "BLANK" and controls the skeletal muscles of the body. | Voluntary |
| The autonomic or visceral division is "BLANK" and controls the visceral or cardiac muscles of organ systems like the digestive and cardiovascular systems | Involuntary |
| The information gathered, processed, and passed to muscles travels as electrical impulses of the nervous system along specialized cells called "BLANK" | Neurons |
| The anatomy of a typical neuron includes | A cell body, the main part of the cell containing the nucleus and most organelles, and nerve fibers that extend from the body. |
| The nerve fibers are | Dendrites and axons. |
| "BLANK" are receptor extensions that receive nerve impulses | Dendrites |
| "BLANK" is a long singular tail-like extension, which sends impulses from the neuron body to the branching axon terminal. | An axon |
| All nerve impulses travel in this "BLANK" direction: from "BLANK" to the "BLANK" and then down the "BLANK" . | one-way, dendrites, cell body, axon |
| A stimulus is picked up at the "BLANK" and sent through the "BLANK" and along the "BLANK" to the "BLANK" . | Dendrites, cell body , axon, terminal branches |
| Once the nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal, it stimulates the release of "BLANK" into a gap structure known as the synapse. | Chemical Neurotransmitters |
| The "BLANK" is the structure that allows neurons to pass signals on to other neurons, muscles, or glands. | Synapse |
| The neurotransmitters secreted into the synapse are picked up by the next cell causing the of the "BLANK" or "BLANK" impulse. | Continuation or inhibition |
| If the axon terminal synapses with another neuron it will stimulate or inhibit "BLANK" | Continuation of the impulse |
| Sensory neurons carry"BLANK" impulses towards the CNS, | Afferent |
| Motor neurons carry "BLANK" impulses from the CNS out to muscles | Efferent |
| "BLANK" are bundles of nerve fibers—axons and dendrites—and therefore contain both afferent and efferent impulses. | Spinal nerves |
| When an "BLANK" axon terminal synapses with a muscle cell, stimulation of a muscle contraction can occur. | Efferent |
| "BLANK" are fibrous tissue with the unique ability to shorten or contract to move body parts and then to relax back to their original length. | Muscles |
| The muscle fibers in turn contain countless smaller "BLANK" | Myofibrils. |
| The myofibrils have two types of contractile protein filaments: | The thinner actin and the thicker myosin |
| These contractile protein filaments are arranged in "BLANK" | Overlapping bands |
| A "BLANK" is the repeating contractile unit of a skeletal muscle and is delineated by these bands of myosin and actin filaments. | Sarcomere |
| "BLANK" occurs when the thin actin filaments slide past the thicker myosin filaments, causing the sarcomere unit to shorten. | Contraction |
| The actin and myosin filaments do not shorten themselves but shorten the length of the sarcomere by "BLANK" | Sliding past one another. |
| "BLANK" the chemical energy of all cells, is used to cause the contraction and is also necessary for the relaxation of the muscle. | ATP |
| In the "BLANK" , the fine motor control used in hand and eye muscles requires connections of three to six muscle fibers per neuron. For the more powerful contractions of leg or arm movements, there can be connections of 1,000 muscle fibers per neuron | Somatic system |
| The "BLANK" division of the neuromuscular system controls the contraction and relaxation of visceral reflexes. | Autonomic |
| A "BLANK" comprises the stretching or tearing of the muscle and | Muscle strain |
| The neuromuscular junction is compromised in a condition called "BLANK" commonly known as "BLANK" | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig’s disease |
| In ALS, the motor neurons degenerate and die, leading to loss of "BLANK" movement | Voluntary muscle |
| "BLANK" is a group of genetic disorders in which abnormal genes interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscles. | Muscular dystrophy |
| Unlike ALS, with muscular dystrophy, both "BLANK" and muscles are compromised "BLANK" | Voluntary and involuntary |
| A "BLANK" is an injury to the accompanying support ligaments and tendons of a muscle. | Sprain |
Created by:
bonitasoul
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