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A&P project
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The hair structure that responds to touch is? | root plexus |
| Skin coloration changes when exposed to what? | ultraviolet radiation of the sun |
| In which portion of the skin will you find dermal papillae? | superficial region of the dermis |
| What is localized overgrowth of melanocytes? | nevus |
| An accumulation of melanin is? | freckle |
| An inherited inability to produce melanin? | albinism |
| The shedding of excess keratinized cells? | dandruff |
| White patches from loss of melanocytes? | vitiligo |
| Which tissue is found in the deeper region of the dermis? | dense irregular connective |
| Sebaceous glands secrete? | an oily substance |
| As keratinocytes in the stratum basal are pushed toward the skin's surface they... | begin to die |
| The organ system that regulates body function by means of electrochemical impulses is the _____ system? | nervous |
| Which system regulates blood volume, removes waste products from the blood and regulates the pH of the blood? | The Urinary System |
| What is the membrane that covers the lungs? | The visceral pleura |
| What is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity? | peritoneum |
| What does the diaphragm separate? | the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| What does the dorsal cavity contain? | spinal cord and brain |
| The different charge between the outside and the inside of a neuron at rest is called? | resting membrane potential |
| What are neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system? | sensory neurons |
| What is the portion of the nervous system that is considered involuntary? | autonomic nervous system |
| Where is the subarachnoid space located? | Between the arachnoid and pia matter |
| A group of nerve fibers in the central nervous system is called? | A Tract |
| What two systems share the greatest responsibility for maintaining homeostasis? | The Nervous and endocrine systems |
| What does saltatory conduction refer to in the conduction of impulses? | myelinated fibers |
| Which neuroglial cell is involved in the blood brain barrier? | astrocyte |
| Which neuroglia produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system? | schwann cells |
| What processes carry impulses to another neuron? | axons |
| During strenuous exercise, muscle fatigue is caused by the production of ___ when there is no ___ present in the muscle fibers. | lactic acid/oxygen |
| What is the function of the iliopsoas? | flex the thigh |
| What does the axon terminal contain, at the neuromuscular junction? | acetylcholine |
| What is a sustained contraction of a muscle called? | tetanus |
| what is the pigmented protein in the muscle fibers that stores oxygen called? | myoglobin |
| What is the muscle raises the shoulder? | trapezius |
| What is the muscle on the anterior lower leg that dorsiflexes the foot? | gastrocnemius |
| What is the function of the deltoid muscle? | abduct the arm |
| What is the function of the biceps brachii muscle? | flexes forearm |
| What is the function of the masseter muscle? | raises mandible |
| Name 4 proteins of myofilaments | actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin |
| After Acetylcholine has been released into the synaptic cleft it is rapidly inactivated by what? | acetylcholinesterase. |
| Which organelle stores calcium in resting skeletal muscle fibers? | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Which of the following substances is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate muscle contraction? | calcium |
| Which muscle is striated and involuntary? | cardiac muscle |
| What is the pigmented protein in the muscle fibers that stores oxygen? | myoglobin |
| What is the immediate direct source of energy for muscle contraction? | ATP |
| The sarcomere is the area between two | Z disc |
| What is the darker portion of the sarcomere composed of thick filaments and in some areas overlapping thin filaments? | H zone |
| The ________ of the radius assists in the stabilization of the wrist joint. | styloid process |
| A slightly movable joint is a(n) | amphiarthrosis. |
| Decreasing the angle between bones is termed | flexion |
| The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the | foot |
| The ball and socket is classified as what type of joint? | synovial joint |
| The primary curves of the vertebral column are the | thoracic and pelvic |
| The hormone calcitonin functions to decrease the level of what in the blood? | calcium ion |
| The elbow joint is an example of a | hinge joint |
| The ilium, pubis, ischium are part of... | Coxal bones |
| The vertebral column is part of which division of the skeletal system? | axial |
| Blood cell production happens in which system? | skeletal system |
| cranial bones are classified as | flat bones |
| The shaft of a long bone is called the | diaphysis |
| Osteogenic cells develop into | osteoblasts |
| The secondary ossification center develops when blood vessels enter the | epiphyses |
| The main effect of applying mechanical stress to bones is an_________strength of bone | increased |
| The suture between the parietal bones and the temporal bones is the | squamous suture |
| Where is the sternum located? | thoracic cage |
| Where is the hamate bone located? | carpals |
| Long bones develop by | Endochondral ossification |
| The part of the integumentary system that prevents entry of pathogens is the | epidermis |
| The layer of the skin that is made of fibrous connective tissue is the | dermis |
| Simple squamous epithelium makes up the alveoli of the lungs because it is | thin |
| The protein that provides strength to the dermis is | collagen |
| Osteocytes are cells of ___, and are found in a matrix made primarily of ___ | bone/calcium salts |
| The tissue that lines the urinary bladder, in which the surface cells flatten as the bladder expands, is | transitional epithelium |
| The growth of bacteria on the skin surface is inhibited by | sebum |
| In the skin, mitosis takes place continuously in the | stratum germinativum |
| The activity of melanocytes is determined by | genetics |
| The organic molecule in cell membranes that forms pores is | protein |
| The cell organelles that are the site of protein synthesis are the: | ribosomes |
| If a DNA triplet is ATG, the corresponding mRNA triplet will be ___, and the corresponding tRNA triplet will be ___ | UAC/AUG |
| The cell organelles that contain enzymes to digest ingested pathogens are the | lysosomes |
| The transport of materials through a membrane with the help of carrier enzymes is called | facilitated diffusion |
| If human cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they will | shrivel |
| The term anticodon refers to the three bases on the tRNA that complement those on the | mRNA |
| In protein synthesis, the copying of a DNA gene by mRNA is called: | transcription |
| The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is called: | diffusion |
| White blood cells engulf bacteria through | phagocytosis |
| If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is | alkaline |
| A polysaccharide that can NOT be digested by humans is | cellulose |
| The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a | carbohydrate |
| A fatty acid that contains three double covalent bonds in its carbon chain is said to be | hydrogenated |
| Each amino acid differs from others in the | nature of the R group |
| A nucleotide consists of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group | phosphate group |
| The science dealing with the functions of the body parts is called | physiology |
| The hormone that promotes milk release from the mammary gland is | oxytocin |
| The gland that prepares the body to react to stress by releasing epinephrine is the | adrenal |
| A female who is sluggish gaining weight and has low temperature may be having problems with her | thyroid gland |
| Destruction of the alpha cells of the pancreas might result in | hypoglycemia |
| Follicle stimulating hormone acts on the | ovaries and testes |
| luteinizing hormone acts on the | ovaries and testes |
| An injection of adrenocorticotropic would stimulate the release of | cortisol |
| What are regulated by the renin angiotensin aldosterone pathway | Mineralocorticoids |
| A hormone that stops the release of FSH is | inhibin |
| In a dehydrated person you would expect to see an increased release of | aldosterone |
| What develops into mature red blood cells | reticulocytes |
| Most abundant plasma protein | albumin |
| blood after formed elements are removed | plasma |
| plasma without clotting protein | serum |
| needed for blood clotting | fibrinogen |
| In adults erythropoiesis takes place in | red bone marrow |
| The presence of erythropoietin in blood stimulates | red blood cell production |
| monocytes become wandering | macrophages |
| lymphocytes produce | antibodies |
| first to respond to bacterial invasion | neutrophils |
| Lymph nodes filter | lymph |
| The cells that release granzymes, perforin, granulysin and lymphotoxin are | cytotoxic t cells |
| The ability of the body's immune system to recognize its own tissues is known as | self-tolerance |
| In which lymphatic organ do T cells mature | thymus |
| destroys antigens by cytolysis | cytotoxic T cells |
| Stimulate other cells of the adaptive immune response | helper T cells |
| programmed to recognize the original invading antigen | memory T cells |
| function in innate immunity | natural killer cells |
| can develop into plasma cells | B cells |
| Vasodilation and increased vessel permeability occur with the release of | histamine |
| decreased carbon dioxide levels | hypocapnia |
| normal quiet breathing | eupnea |
| rapid breathing | hyperventilation |
| exchange of gases between the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli | external respiration |
| inhalation and exhalation | pulmonary ventilation |
| increased carbon dioxide levels | hypercapnia |
| exchange of gases between systemic capillaries and tissue cells | internal respiration |
| absence of breathing | apnea |
| forceful exhalation of air | expiratory reserve volume |
| air remaining after forced exhalation | residual volume |
| Chewing food is an example of | mechanical digestion |
| Most chemical digestion occurs in the | duodenum |
| The exposed portions of the teeth that you clean with a toothbrush are the | crowns |
| proteins combined with triglycerides and cholesterol | chylomicrons |
| surrounds the opening between the stomach and duodenum | pyloric sphincter |
| secrete pancreatic juice | cystic duct |
| increase surface area in small intestine | circular folds |
| bile salts combined with partially digested lipids | micelles |
| location between the opening of the small and large intestine | ileocecal sphincter |
| large mucosal folds in stomach | acini |
| enhances reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+ | aldosterone |
| inhibits Na+ and H2O reabsorption | atrial natriuretic peptide |
| increases H2O reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule | antidiuretic hormone |
| stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption | parathyroid hormone |
| decreases H2O reabsorption | diuretics |
| enhances Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule | angiotensin II |
| A protective barrier that helps prevent kidney trauma is the | renal capsule |
| Blood carried out of the glomerulus by the | efferent arteriole |
| The transport of urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder is the function of the | ureters |
| The role of FSH in the male reproductive system is to stimulate | spermatogensis |
| cells that support protect and nourish developing oocytes | sertoli cells |
| contain developing oocytes | follicles |
| immature sperm cells | spermatogonia |
| cells that secrete testosterone | leydig cells |
| secretes progesterone and estrogens | corpus luteum |
| Menstruation is triggered by a drop in estrogens and | progesterone |
| relaxation of smooth muscle in penile arteries causes | an erection of the penis |
| fertilization normally occurs in the | uterine tube |
| In the female reproductive system lubricating mucus is produced by the | greater vestibular glands |
| organization of white matter in the spinal cord | columns |
| absorb cerebrospinal fluid | arachnoid villi |
| extension of nerves beyond the end of the spinal cord | cauda equina |
| folds of the cerebral cortex | gyri |
| contains the sensory axons of a spinal nerve | posterior root |
| contains the motor axons of a spinal nerve | anterior root |
| separates the cerebrum into right and left halves | longitudinal fissure |
| divides spinal cord into right and left sides | anterior median fissure |
| brain cavities where CSF circulates | ventricles |
| shallow grooves in cerebrum | sulci |
| contains CSF in spinal cord | central canal |
Created by:
eveperalta1
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