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GU Pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thiazide Diuretics: What do they do? | Increase H20 excretion by Increasing GFR; Decreasing or inhibiting NA+ reabsorption from the tubules. |
| What are diuretics | Used to treat -Edema caused by heart failure -Hypertension -Glaucoma -Prevent acute tubular necrosis |
| Thiazide Diuretics: Why do we use them? | To treat -hypertension -Heart failure -Edema |
| Potassium Supplements:Contraindications | use cautiously with cardiac and renal disease |
| Potassium Supplements: Administration | Tablets are not able to be crushed or chewed; tablet may be dissolved in water CAN NOT BE GIVEN IV PUSH! |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Nursing Responsibilities | Monitor I&O Excessive diuresis (B/P drops) |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Adverse Reactions | May cause hypokalemia Metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalances |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Contraindications&Precautions | Patients with decreased sodium or potassium |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Why do we use them? | Treat glaucoma |
| Commonly Seen Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | Diamox (acetazolamide) |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: What do they do? | Used for glaucoma Reduces intraocular pressure |
| Osmotic Diuretics: Nursing Responsibilities | Monitor -Vital signs, urine output, CVP for circulatory overload and fluid volume depletion -Neurological status and signs and symptoms |
| Osmotic Diuretics: Why do we use them? | Primarily used to treat cerebral edema To reduce intraocular pressure |
| Osmotic Diuretics: Adverse Reactions | Hyponatremia Circulatory overload (osmotic effects) |
| Osmotic Diuretics: Drug Interactions | Urea may increase renal excretion of lithium, therefor decreasing the effects of lithium. |
| Commonly seen Osmotic Diuretics | Ismotic (isosorbide) Osmitrol (mannitol) |
| Osmotic Diuretics: What do they do? | increased osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtration, inhibiting reabsorption of water and electrolytes. |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics: Patient Teaching | signs&symptoms of hyperkalemia weight monitoring |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics: Nursing Responsibilities | Monitor signs&symptoms of hyperkalemia Avoid potassium rich food |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics:Drug Interactions | Potassium sparing diuretics Digoxin increase the risk of dig tocicity |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics:Adverse Reactions | May cause increase potassium and increased BUN |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics: Why do we use them? | Primarily used to conserve potassium or enhance the effects of loop or thiazide diuretics. |
| Commonly seen Potassium Sparing Diuretics | Aldactone (spironolactone) |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics:What are they? | Acts on the distal tubule to cause excretion of sodium, bicarbonate,calcium but conserve potassium excretion. Aldactone(spironolactone)acts by competing with Aldosterone for receptor sites and blocks the action of aldosterone in the distal tubules. |
| Loop Diuretic: Nursing Responsibilities | hypokalemia 40X more potent then Lasix Check sodium and potassium levels Give in morning or early afternoon Monitor for signs and symptoms of dehydration Increased heartrate, lowered B/P, shortness of breath. Accurately monitor i&o. |
| Loop Diuretic: Drug Interactions | May decrease excretion of lithium, causing lithium toxicity. Hypokalemia may occur, this decreasing the risk of dig toxicity and arrythmias. Use with anticoagulants may decrease their effect. |
| Loop Diuretic: Adverse Reactions | Transient deafness Tinnitis Abdominal Pain Impaired Glucose tolerance Paresthesia Photosensitivity Orthostatic Hypotension. Hypovolemia-low blood volume Hypochloremia-low chlorine in blood Dehydration Hyponatremia-low sodium in the blood Hypoka |
| Loop Diuretic: Why would we use them? | Edema associated with heart failure Hepatic cirrhosis Renal disease-nephrotic syndrome Hypertension Furosemide may be used in conjunction with Mannitol to treat cerebral edema. Used first in emergency due to rapid onset of action. |
| Commonly seen Loop Diuretics | Bumex (bumetanide) Lasix (furosemide) |
| Loop Diuretics: What do they do? | Inhibit sodium and chlorine reabsorption from the Loop of Henle and the distal tubules |
| Thiazide Nursing Responsibilities | Give in the morning or early afternoon signs and symptoms of hypokalemia Administer prescribed potassium supplements Advise to eat foods high in potassium |
| Thiazide Interactions | May decrease excretions of lithium, causing lithium toxicity Use with other potassium depleting drugs and digoxin may cause decrease potassium, thus increasing risk of digtoxicity Watch for hypotension!! |
| Thiazide Adverse Reactions | Light-Headedness Orthostatic Hypotension May cause decreased potassium, magnesium, sodium and increased glucose. |
| Thiazide Contraindications & Precautions | patients sensitive to sulfonamides Anuria Hepatic coma Give IV diuril in emergencies only or to an adult who can not take PO Cautious in pregnant women Caution with systemic lupus or hypercholesterolemia. |
Created by:
Amy4246
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