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7th Gr Sci Sem1 Exam
7th Grade Science Semester 1 Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the 5 levels of organization of living things. | Cell – tissue – organ – organ system – organism |
| What level of organization is BLOOD? | Tissue |
| What level of organization is HEART? | Organ |
| What level of organization is DELTOID MUSCLE? | Organ (specific example of a muscle) |
| What level of organization is BRAIN? | Organ |
| What level of organization is MOUTH, STOMACH, INTESTINES (ALL WORKING TOGETHER)? | Organ System |
| What level of organization is HUMERUS (AN ARM BONE)? | Organ (it's a specific example of a bone) |
| List the 3 postulates (parts) of cell theory | 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Cell wall | To protect the cell by providing structure. Similar function to the skeletal system |
| Chloroplast | Green Color/pigment in plants. Produces sugar (glucose) using light energy. This process is called photosynthesis. |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly like liquid that supports the organelles. Function can be compared to the circulatory system. |
| Mitochondria | Power House. Produces ATP (will be stated as thermal or mechanical energy) from glucose. This process is called cellular respiration. |
| Nucleus | The Brain. Holds on to and protects the DNA. Function can be compared to the reproductive system. |
| Cell membrane | Protects the cell by controlling what goes in and out of it. |
| Vacuole | Hold and transport food, water and waste around and out of the cell. Function can be compared to the excretory system. |
| Describe the process of photosynthesis. Include the reactants and products as well as the energy transformation. | Process where light energy (radiant) is taken in by chloroplasts (found in plant cells & some other cells such as some protists) and energy's converted into glucose (chemical). Reactants: light, carbon dioxide & water Products: glucose and oxygen |
| Describe the process of cellular respiration. Include the reactants and products as well as the energy transformation. | Process where glucose (chemical) is used by mitochondria (found in plant & animal cells) to produce ATP (stored cellular energy). Chem energy converted to thermal & mechanical energy. Reactants: oxygen&glucose. Products: carbon dioxide, water, & ATP |
| Define heredity. | Heredity is the passing of traits from one generation to the next. |
| What is the genetic material that contains traits that are passed from one generation to the next? What are some of the other names it goes by? | DNA, genes, genetic material, etc. |
| Sexual reproduction | 2 parents, offspring are not identical to parents. |
| Asexual reproduction | 1 parent, offspring are identical to parents. |
| Endocrine system | produces hormones (chemical messengers). Major organ is glands. |
| Reproductive system | allows for sexual reproduction. Major organs include testis and ovaries. |
| Nervous system | controls bodily functions using electrical signals. Major organs include brain, spinal cord and nerves. |
| Skeletal system | supports the body, protects internal organs, works with muscular system to create movement, produces blood cells. Major organs are bones. |
| Muscular system | works with the skeletal system to create movement. Major organs are muscles. 3 kinds of muscle: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. |
| Digestive system | mechanically and chemically breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed. Major organs include mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, small intestines, large intestines, colon. |
| Circulatory system | circulates (transports) oxygen and nutrients to and removes waste from all parts of the body. Major organs include heart, blood vessels (veins & arteries), capillaries |
| Respiratory system | breathing allows oxygen to come into the body and carbon dioxide to be expelled from the body. Major organs include mouth/nose, trachea, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm, alveoli. |
| Integumentary system | aka the skin system. Protects the body, produces Vit D, temperature regulation, sensory organ. Major organ are the skin, hear and nails. |
| Excretory system | to excrete (get rid of) waste from the body. Includes 4 systems: urinary (urine), integumentary (sweat), respiratory (carbon dioxide) and digestive (feces). |
| stimulus | something that can be perceived by the nervous system (this is the cause) |
| response | the reaction your body has (the effect). |
| Describe examples of internal and external stimuli. | External stimuli come from outside of your body such as a ball being thrown at you. Internal stimuli come from inside your body such as something you have already eaten causing you to vomit. |
| What is the function of xylem? | To transport water and nutrients form the roots of the plant up to the rest of the plant. |
| What is the function of phloem? | To transport sugar (glucose) from the leaves down to the rest of the plant. |
| Turgor pressure | the pressure created from the central vacuole pushing out against the cell wall of a plant cell. This keeps plants from wilting. |
| Tropism | plant growth in response to a stumulus. |
| Phototropism | plant growth in response to light |
| Geotropism (or gravitropism) | plant growth in response to gravity |
| Thigmotropism | plant growth in response to touch |
| Hydrotropism | plant growth in response to water |
| What happens to a plant if it has low turgor pressure? | If a plant cell has low turgor pressure the plant will start to wilt. |
| Positive tropisms | cause the plant to grow towards the stimulus. Such as a plant stem growing towards light or it’s roots growing towards the pull of gravity. |
| Negative tropisms | cause the plant to grow away from the stimulus. Such as a plant stem growing away from the pull of gravity or plant roots growing away from light. |
| Atom | smallest thing that is still a kind of element; O2 has 2 oxygen atoms. |
| Element | has specific physical characteristics; H2O has 2 elements, hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Compound | is a molecule made of more than one element; O2 is not a compound, but H2O is. Both are molecules though. |
| Reactant | all of the items before the arrow in a chemical equation |
| Product | all of the items after the arrow in a chemical equation |
| How can you tell if a chemical equation is balanced? | Count the atoms. Balanced if there are the same number before and after the arrow. Law of conservation of mass/matter. |
| 2 Fe + 3 Cl2 −−→ 2 FeCl3 | 2 Fe 2 Fe 6 Cl 6 Cl Balanced |
| 4 Fe + 2 O2 −−→ 2 Fe2O3 | 4 Fe 4 Fe 4 O 6 O Unbalanced |
| 2 FeBr3 + 3 H2 SO4 −−→ Fe2(SO4 )3 + 4 HBr | 2 Fe 2 Fe 6 Br 4 Br 6 H 4 H 3 S 3 S 12 O 12 O Unbalanced |
| How many molecules of H2 SO4 are in there in 2 FeBr3 + 3 H2 SO4 ? | 3 molecules |
| How many molecules of Fe2(SO4 )3 are there in 2 FeBr3 + 3 H2 SO4 ? | 1 molecule |
| How many hydrogen atoms are in 4 HBr? | 4 hydrogen atoms |
Created by:
SHigh
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