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HAP Unit 1
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of muscle tissue? | Provide tension for muscles to make it possible to move body parts |
| What is the function of epithelial tissue? | Absorb, protect, and sense things that are happening around them |
| What is the function of connective tissue? | Designed to hold body parts together and provide support |
| What is the function of nervous tissue? | Helps to transmit signals from the actual nerves to the brain |
| Physical characteristics of muscle tissue | soft tissue, looks like bundled parallel lines, red or pink |
| Physical characteristics of epithelial tissue | Can be flat, cuboidal, or columnar; fit close together |
| Physical characteristics of connective tissue | Made up of criss crossed lines, that range of different sizes |
| Physical characteristics of nervous tissue | Has a round center, has vein like arms spiraling out of the center |
| Describe maintaining boundaries | Separation between internal and external body |
| Describe movement | Physically changing location or position |
| Describe responsiveness or irritability | Sense changes in enviornment and then react |
| Describe digestion | breaking down food into simple forms that can later be absorbed for nutrients |
| Describe metabolism | All chemical reactions that occur in the body, breaks down chemicals into energy |
| Describe excretion | Wastes being eliminated from the body |
| Describe reproduction | The process of producing offspring |
| Describe growth | the process of increasing in size |
| What does it mean to be superior to something, regarding the body? | Above another body part |
| What does it mean to be inferior to something, regarding the body? | Below another body part |
| What does it mean to be anterior (ventral) to something, regarding the body? | Toward the front of the body |
| What does it mean to be posterior (dorsal) to something, regarding the body? | Toward the back of the body |
| What is the mid-line of the body? | The mid-line is an imaginary line down the center of the body. Divides the body into two parts, left and right. |
| What does it mean to be medial to something, regarding the body? | Closer to the body's mid-line |
| What does it mean to be lateral to something, regarding the body? | Farther from the body's mid-line |
| What does it mean to be axial to something, regarding the body? | Used to determine a boy's torso, neck, or head |
| What does it mean to be appendicular to something, regarding the body? | Used to determine a body's arms, legs, or the attachments to the arms and legs |
| What does it mean to be proximal to something, regarding the body? | When something is closer to the point of attachment |
| What does it mean to be distal to something, regarding the body? | When something is farther away from the point of attachment |
| Oxygen | Oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keeps the body alive. Brain cells are sensitive to lack of oxygen. Brain damage is likely within five minutes without oxygen, and death is likely within ten minutes. |
| Nutrients | A nutrient is a substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival. The three basic classes of nutrients are water, the energy-yielding and body-building nutrients, and the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). |
| Water | The body’s functional chemicals are dissolved and transported in water. Water is the largest part of cells, blood, and the fluid between cells. Water helps regulate our internal temperature and cushions, protects, and lubricates joints. |
| Normal Body Temperature | 98.6°F. When body temperature rises well above or drops well below normal, certain proteins (enzymes) that facilitate chemical reactions lose their normal structure and their ability to function and the chemical reactions of metabolism cannot proceed. |
| Atmospheric Pressure | This pressure keeps gases within your body, such as the gaseous nitrogen in body fluids, dissolved. To take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide—also depends upon a precise atmospheric pressure. |
| Circulatory System | Moves materials between body systems, including oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Includes the heart, arteries, and veins. |
| Endocrine System | Secrets chemical signals that allow body systems to act cooperatively as needed. Includes hormone-producing tissues of the pineal gland and pituitary gland in the brain; the thyroid gland; the adrenal glands; the pancreas; and the ovaries and testes. |
| Digestive System | Ingests food and breaks it down into usable nutrients. Excretes solid waste products. Includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. |
| Urinary System | Cleans dissolved waste products from the blood and excretes them. Includes kidneys and bladder. |
| Muscular System | The system of muscles throughout an organism operates to move the organism and stimulate the internal organs. There are several main types of muscles in a mammal: smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle. |
| Skeletal System | Whatever form of the skeleton is used, the skeletal system has the same purpose, to provide support and attachment to for the muscles. Includes bones and ligaments. |
| Integumentary System | Covers the body and regulates its exchange with the outside world. Includes skin, hair, nails, sweat, and other glands which secrete substances onto the skin. |
| Nervous System | Allows perception, emotion, thought, and rapid response to the environment. Includes brain and nerves. |
| Reproduction System | Allows the production of offspring. Includes ovaries, uterus, mammary glands (breasts), penis, and testes. |
| Lymphatic System | Fights infection. Includes lymphatic vessels which permeate the body. Includes tonsils and spleen. |
| Respiratory System | Allows gas exchange between cells and the environment. Includes trachea and lungs. |
Created by:
Acowl714
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