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Indications for EFM
Risk Factors that Indicate a Need for Electronic Fetal Monitoring
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Induction/augmentation of labour | Labour is artificially started or contractions are artificially enhanced |
| Breech presentation | Buttocks are presenting first |
| Trial of labour | Patient has a history of previous C-section; there is a risk of uterine rupture (uterus tearing at old scar site) |
| Preterm or post-term pregnancy | Gestational age <37 weeks or >42 weeks |
| Multiple gestation | More than one fetus |
| Hypertension | BP >140/90 |
| Maternal medical condition | Mother has a history of vascular, thyroid, or kidney disease, or diabetes; this puts the fetus at risk |
| Trauma | Could cause the placenta to detach from the uterus (abruptio placentae), which can cause death to the fetus |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | Fetus is not growing properly inside the uterus; risk for fetal compromise |
| Oligohydramnios | Not enough amniotic fluid |
| Abnormal umbilical artery | Not enough blood flow to the fetus; increased risk for hypoxemia/hypoxia |
| Meconium in labour | Fetus defecates in utero; can indicate fetal compromise and can also be inhaled by the fetus, creating lung problems at birth |
| Intrauterine infection or rupture of membranes (ROM) >24 hours | Infection or risk of infection inside the uterus can result in fetal compromise, which will be evident from abnormal fetal heart rate |
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pncurriculum
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