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Minerals and Rocks
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mineral | a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure |
| crystal | is a solid whose atoms or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern |
| magma | molten rock |
| hardness | a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching |
| luster | the way in which a mineral reflects light |
| streak | the color of the powder that a mineral leaves behind when it is scratch on an unglazed porcelain plate |
| cleavage | the splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces |
| fracture | a manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces |
| Moh's Scale of Hardness | a chart that scientist use to determine the hardness of a mineral or an unknown substance. |
| rock | a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter |
| rock cycle | a continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material |
| igneous rock | forms when hot, liquid rock or magma cools and solidifies |
| intrusive igneous rock | forms when magma intrudes, or pushes, into surrounding rock below the Earth's surface and cools, it cools slowly and forms, large visible crystals |
| extrusive igneous rock | forms when magma erupts or extrudes onto the earth's surface, it cools very quickly and forms very small to no crystals |
| sedimentary rock | forms at or near the surface of the earth without heat and pressure, layers of sediment(pieces of rock and mineral fragments) are deposited on top of each other and this type of rock is formed through compaction and cementation |
| strata | a single horizontal layer of sedimentary rock |
| stratification | the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers |
| metamorphic rock | are rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition of the rock has been changed due to heat and pressure |
| foliated | is a type of metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands |
| non--foliated | is a type of metamorphic rock where the texture of the mineral grains is not arranged in planes or bands |
| sediment | is a mixture of rock and mineral fragments that have been physical weathered through the process of erosion |
Created by:
parhamscience
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