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Microbiology
Microbiology -Chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the antibody found in body secretions is: | IgA |
| an antibody is a: | protein produced by plasma cells |
| cell type responsible for antibody production: | plasma cells |
| provides defense against viral infections: | interferons |
| granulocyte cells: | N.E.B (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) |
| immunity that is a result of an actual infection is: | naturally acquired active immunity |
| a substance capable of raising oldy temperature is: | pyrogen |
| when an organ or tissue is transplanted between genetically different individuals from the same species, it is called a (n): | allogarft |
| systemic autoimmune disease: | rheumatoid arthritis |
| first line of defense: | Physical barriers: intact skin and mucous membranes lining the respiratory, digestive, GI, urinary, and reproductive. Chemical barriers: pH 4.5 to 6 of the skin. Lysozymes |
| second line of defense: | Phagocytosis and phagocytes. Inflammatory response. Fever, interferons, cytokines, complement system. |
| third line of defense: | Cell mediated immunity: killer T cells (CD8) ,helper T cells (CD4), suppressor T cells, memory T cells Antibody mediated immunity (humoral immnunity); B cells |
| enzymes that attack the peptidoglycan of bacteria and are present in perspiration, nasal secretion, saliva, and tears are: | lysozymes |
| delayed hypersensitivity is a result of: | cell mediated immnune reactions |
| B cells are responsible for: | antibody (humoral) mediated immunity |
| substances that stimulate the production of antibodies are called: | immunogens antigens |
| the body's decreased ability to fight infections is called: | immunosuppression |
| Describe and explain the three lines of host immune defense. | First Line of Defense—physical and chemical barriers to prevent microbes from entering the body. Second Line of Defense—phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, production of interferons, and activation of the complement system. Third Line of Defense—specific |
| Name and describe the steps of inflammation. | 1. Bradykinin is released from injured cells. 2. Bradykinin activates sensory nerve impulses initiating pain. 3. Pain stimulates mast cells and basophils to release histamines. 4. Bradykinin and histamine cause capillary dilation, increased blood flow, |
| Describe the main function of the various immunoglobulins. | IgG—monomer produced by B cells, a major antibody in blood and lymphatic circulation. Can cross placenta and provide passive immunity to newborn. IgA—monomer in blood, dimer in secretions such as tears, saliva, secretions of the respiratory and digestive |
| Discuss type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. | Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity is caused by an excessive response of B lymphocytes to an allergen. Symptoms include runny/stuffy nose, watery eyes, conjunctivitis, asthma, hives, fever, dermatitis, gastrointestinal symptoms. Reactions can be either l |
| Name and describe two autoimmune diseases. | Myasthenia gravis—characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions. The binding of these antibodies with the receptors interferes with the contraction of muscle fibers. Progressive muscle weakn |
Created by:
naponte1
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