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What type of cells make up about 90% of the alveolar surface?
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Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?
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Bio Final
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of cells make up about 90% of the alveolar surface? | Type I pneumocytes |
| Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane? | increased surface area of the respiratory membrane |
| What is the function of the nasal conchae? | increases turbulence and surface area for cleaning, warming and moisturizing the air |
| When the inspiratory muscles contract, | thoracic volume increases. |
| Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation: (1) alveolar ducts (2) alveolus (3) respiratory bronchiole (4) terminal bronchiole | 4, 3, 1, 2 |
| Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory membrane? | thick layer of mucus lining the alveolus |
| For air to flow into or out of the lungs, there must be | a pressure gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli. |
| What is the function of the ciliated epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree? | a mucus-cilia escalator |
| As the result of an asthmatic attack, | ventilation is inadequate to oxygenate blood. |
| Oxygen is transported in the blood | dissolved in the plasma and bound to hemoglobin. |
| Which of the following statements concerning the larynx is correct? | When the glottis closes, air is prevented from leaving the lungs. |
| Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood takes place in the | alveoli. |
| Expiration during quiet breathing | occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax |
| The serous membranes that surround the lungs are called the | pleural membranes. |
| Internal respiration refers to | gas exchange between the blood and body tissues. |
| What type of alveolar cells produce surfactant? | Type II pneumocytes |
| Which of the following functions is associated with the nose? | warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air |
| The respiratory zone of the tracheobronchial tree includes which of the following? | alveoli |
| The olfactory epithelium responsible for the sense of smell is located in the | roof of the nasal cavity. |
| Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged across the respiratory membrane by the process of | diffusion. |
| What factors are responsible for the decrease in the volume of the alveoli? | lung recoil and surface tension of water |
| Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract? | pharynx |
| The trachea | has "C" shaped cartilages that form its anterior and lateral sides. |
| Which of the following respiratory membrane layers is closest to air in the alveolus | alveolar fluid (with surfactant) |
| What occurs at the respiratory membrane? | gas exchange between the air and blood takes place |
| From largest to smallest, the correct sequence for the following passageways is | bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli. |
| Ventilation refers to the | movement of air into and out of the lungs. |
| Contraction of the _______ will increase the superior-inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity. | diaphragm |
| During swallowing, the opening into the larynx is covered by the | epiglottis. |
| Air in the pleural cavity is called | a pneumothorax. |
| Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by | decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli. |
| Which of the following will cause a decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane? | emphysema |
| Physiological dead air space is anatomic dead space plus | the volume of any alveoli where gas exchange is diminished |
| Which of the following statements regarding the lungs is correct? | The left lung contains two lobes while the right lung contains three lobes. |
| External respiration refers to | gas exchange between the lungs and the blood |
| A molecule of air enters the nose through the external nares. Which of the following is the correct pathway to the trachea? | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea |
| which of the following is a passageway for both air and food? | pharynx |
| The chemosensitive area of the brain is located in the | medulla oblongata. |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the nasal cavity? | exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| When these ligaments or folds come together, they prevent food from entering the lower respiratory tract. | vocal folds and vestibular folds |
| A protective function of the respiratory system would be | preventing microorganisms from entering the body |
| Which of the following muscles increases the volume of the thorax during a normal inhalation? (1) diaphragm (2) external intercostals (3) internal intercostals (4) rectus abdominis | 1, 2 |
| The diameter of bronchioles can change because their walls contain | smooth muscle. |
| The walls of the alveoli | are composed of simple squamous epithelium. |
| Hemoglobin that has oxygen attached is called | oxyhemoglobin. |
| Each lobe of each lung is supplied by a | secondary bronchus. |
| When carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, the | blood becomes more acidic. |
| An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the | glomerulus. |
| The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the | distal convoluted tubule. |
| The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the | renal pelvis. |
| Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium ions to be | conserved and water to be conserved. |
| The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the | glomerular filtration rate. |
| A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is | urea. |
| The detrusor muscle is in the | urinary bladder. |
| What percent of filtrate becomes urine? | less than 1 |
| The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular | secretion |
| Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the | ureter. |
| The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the | medulla. |
| The composition of glomerular filtrate differs from that of plasma by including | the same substances as plasma except for larger protein molecules. |
| The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when | ADH production increases. |
| One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that | each nephron has at least two capillary networks. |
| The urinary bladder | stores urine until it is voided. |
| Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the | renal columns. |
| The ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body. | urethra |
| When sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are | reabsorbed by passive transport. |
| As ADH production declines, | the urine volume increases |
| The tip of each renal pyramid is called | a renal papilla. |
| Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter (2) renal pelvis (3) calyx (4) urinary bladder (5) urethra | 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 |
| At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute, estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours. | 180 liters |
| The juxtamedullary nephrons | have long loops of Henle. |
| Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron? | collecting duct |
| Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the | hilum. |
| Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the | external urinary sphincter |
| The structural and functional units of the kidney are called | nephrons. |
| The trigone is | a triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder. |
| Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses | osmosis. |
| Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron | calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
| When the concentration of water in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases. | false |
| What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule? | simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli |
| Urine formation involves | filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate. |
| Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate. | protein |
| The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the | glomerulus. |
| Formation of filtrate depends on a | pressure gradient. |
| The renal corpuscle consists of | the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. |
| Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the | proximal convoluted tubule |
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alexs13