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Microbiology
Microbiology -Chapter 17
Question | Answer |
---|---|
an inflammation of the brain is called: | encephalitis |
routine vaccination against meningitis in the United States is provided against: | Haemophilus influenzae |
meningococcal meningitis is caused by: | Neisseria meningitidis |
otitis media is commonly caused by which microorganism? | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
the most virulent of all botulinum toxins is considered to be: | Type A |
Hansen's disease is also called: | Leprosy |
Poliomyelitis is caused by a virus belonging to the family: | Picornaviridae |
the causative agent for fungal meningitis, mostly in immunocompromised patients: | Cryptococcus neoformans |
the organism causing West Nile encephalitis belongs to: | arboviruses |
"sleeping sickness" is caused by what type of microorganism? | protozoan |
when both the brain and the meninges are inflamed, the condition is referred to as: | meningoencephalitis |
pneumococcal meningitis is caused by" | streptococcus pneumoniae |
African trypanosomiasis is caused by: | trypanosoma brucei |
American trypanosomiasis is also referred to as: | Chagas disease |
Chemically, prions are: | proteins |
Compare and contract bacterial and viral meningitis. | Symptoms of bacterial & viral meningitis are similar, w/ fever, headaches, tiredness, or sleepiness. Bacterial—not as common as viral meningitis but more severe in nature due to toxin production. Viral—relatively common & usually not as serious as |
Elaborate on the four clinically different types of tetanus. | Local tetanus—persistent contraction of muscles at the site of the injury; uncommon. Cephalic tetanus—C. tetani is present in the flora of the middle ear or following head injuries. Rare. Generalized tetanus—“lockjaw,” stiffness in neck, difficulty swal |
Describe the steps a pet owner should take to prevent the spread of rabies. | Keep vaccinations up to date for pets Keep pets under supervision to prevent them from coming in contact with wild animals Inform local animal control about any stray animals Spay or neuter pets. Avoid contact with wild animals. |
Discuss botulism, the different types of toxins, and the geographic prevalence. | Botulism is caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. Seven serotypes of botulism are based on the specificity of the toxins produced by each strain. Types A, B, E, and F toxins cause human botulism; types C and D cause botulism in anima |
Describe two prion-associated diseases of humans. | Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease—rare, degenerative, fatal brain disorder. Three main categories of the disease: sporadic, hereditary, and acquired. No treatment or cure. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease—similar to CJD but affects younger persons, with the ave |