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chapter 6
mmuscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | the ability to go back to original resting form after being stretched |
| epimysium | connective tissue surrounding the skeletal muscle |
| fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi |
| fibers | single muscle cells that make up the fasciculi |
| endomysium | connective tissue that surrounds each fiber |
| myofibrils | cytoplasm of each fiber |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered |
| resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromuscular junction or synapse | each branch |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle |
| postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fibers |
| synaptic vesicles | each presynaptic terminal |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter |
| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscles |
| threshold | which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| relaxation phase | the time which muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing` |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| creatine phosphate | can store another high energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| muscle fatigue | results when atp is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | the most stationary end f the muscle |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | the muscle between the origin and insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids. "crows feet" |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| matication | chewing |
| sternocleidomatoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| thoracic | muscles that move the thorax |
| erector spinae | group of muscles that keep the back straight and the body erect |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| z line | thin line of actin, starts and finished sarcomeres |
| I band | on both sides of the z line, light area,actin |
| A band | dark area of sarcomere |
| H zone | between A zones |
| M line | dark line down the center |
| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| triceps brachiii | extends the forearms |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearms |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| gluteus medius | hip muscles |
| sartorius | flexes the thigh |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the legs, anterior thigh muscle |
| hamstring | posterior thigh muscle, flexes the legs and extends the thigh |
| latissimus dorsi | extends arm powerfully, rotates, and adducts the arms |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
Created by:
krmcent1
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